不同钝化剂对畜禽粪便模拟施肥土壤重金属吸附特性和活性的影响

发布时间：2018-04-29 12:29

本文选题：钝化剂 + 畜禽粪便　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国规模化养殖业的发展和铜锌等重金属元素饲料添加剂的广泛使用，畜禽粪便产量增大，畜禽粪便中重金属铜锌等元素含量升高，畜禽粪便施肥将成为我国农业土壤重金属污染的重要来源。本文通过畜禽粪便模拟施肥和添加不同钝化剂(海泡石、膨润土、脱硫石膏、粉煤灰)，研究了土壤（暗棕壤）对重金属铜锌的吸附特征、形态分布规律及活性，对于明确畜禽粪便施肥下土壤重金属的迁移转化规律及土壤重金属污染修复提供理论依据。不同类型畜禽粪便的重金属含量结果表明，Cu、Zn含量均是猪粪鸡粪牛粪，且畜禽粪便中Cu、Zn含量均是ZnCu；不同类型畜禽粪便的重金属形态分布结果表明，，三种类型粪便中Cu的形态分布规律略有差异，对于鸡粪和猪粪均为有机结合态残渣态、铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态、可交换态，对于牛粪为残渣态有机结合态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态、可交换态。对于鸡粪和猪粪，有机结合态和残渣态之和占粪便中Cu总量的近60%以上，牛粪占近90%以上。活性较大的碳酸盐结合态和可交换态Cu在粪便总量中所占比例很低。三种类型粪便中Zn的形态分布规律均为残渣态有机结合态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态、可交换态。有机结合态和残渣态之和占粪便中Zn总量的90%以上，而活性较大的碳酸盐结合态和可交换态Zn在粪便总量中所占比例不足10%。不同处理条件下土壤重金属Cu、Zn的形态分布和活性研究结果表明，土壤中重金属Cu、Zn含量较低时，施加畜禽粪便可提高重金属Cu、Zn的活性；土壤中重金属Cu、Zn含量较高时，施加畜禽粪便，使土壤重金属活性降低，但可交换态含量增加，碳酸盐结合态含量下降。添加不同比例、不同种类的钝化剂对土壤中重金属形态分布规律影响相同，即残渣态有机结合态铁锰氧化物结合态碳酸盐结合态交换态；钝化剂对不同重金属Cu、Zn的钝化效果不同，对Cu的钝化效果为海泡石膨润土粉煤灰脱硫石膏；对Zn的钝化效果膨润土海泡石粉煤灰脱硫石膏；在畜禽粪便（猪粪）模拟施肥并添加不同钝化剂条件下，土壤重金属Cu、Zn的活性随钝化剂添加量的增加而降低，对土壤中Cu的钝化效果为海泡石膨润土粉煤灰脱硫石膏，对于土壤中的Zn钝化效果为膨润土粉煤灰海泡石脱硫石膏。土壤对重金属Cu、Zn的吸附热力学结果表明，不同粪便畜禽粪便模拟施肥土壤对铜锌的吸附能力为牛粪猪粪鸡粪；添加不同钝化剂的土壤对铜锌的吸附能力为膨润土海泡石粉煤灰脱硫石膏；在畜禽粪便模拟施肥条件下添加不同钝化剂，海泡石添加土壤对铜锌的吸附能力更显著。三种处理方式土壤对铜锌吸附的热力学特征均可以用Freundlich方程描述。
[Abstract]:With the development of large-scale aquaculture in China and the extensive use of heavy metal feed additives such as copper and zinc, the output of animal manure increases, and the content of heavy metal copper and zinc in animal manure increases. Manure fertilization will become an important source of heavy metal pollution in agricultural soil in China. In this paper, the adsorption characteristics, morphological distribution and activity of heavy metal copper and zinc in soil (dark brown soil) were studied by simulating fertilization and adding different passivating agents (sepiolite, bentonite, desulphurized gypsum, fly ash). It provides a theoretical basis for clarifying the migration and transformation of heavy metals in soil and the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil under manure fertilization in livestock and poultry feces. The results of heavy metal contents in different types of livestock and poultry feces showed that the contents of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn were all pig manure and chicken manure, and the contents of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in livestock and poultry feces were all ZnCu, and the speciation distribution of heavy metals in different types of livestock and poultry feces were also found. The speciation and distribution of Cu in three types of feces were slightly different. For chicken manure and pig dung, they were organic residue, iron and manganese oxide bound carbonate, exchangeable. For cow dung, it is organic bound to iron and manganese oxide and exchangeable to carbonate. For chicken manure and pig manure, the sum of organic bound and residual forms accounted for more than 60% of the total Cu content in feces and 90% of cattle manure. Carbonate-bound and exchangeable Cu with higher activity account for a low proportion of total faeces. The speciation and distribution of Zn in the three types of feces were all organic bound and exchangeable. The sum of organic bound state and residue state accounted for more than 90% of the total Zn in feces, while carbonate bound and exchangeable Zn, which were more active, accounted for less than 10% of the total amount of Zn in feces. The study on the speciation distribution and activity of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in soil under different treatment conditions showed that when the content of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in soil was low, the activity of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn was increased by applying animal manure, and the activity of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in soil was higher when the content of Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in soil was higher. The activity of heavy metals in soil decreased, but the exchangeable state content increased, and the carbonate bound state content decreased when animal manure was applied. The effects of different passivators on the speciation distribution of heavy metals in soil were the same, that is to say, the organic bound iron and manganese oxide bound carbonate exchange state in the residual state; the addition of different kinds of passivating agents had the same effect on the distribution of heavy metals in the soil. The passivating effect of passivating agent is different for different heavy metals, such as sepiolite bentonite fly ash desulphurization gypsum, Zn passivating effect for bentonite sepiolite fly ash desulfurization gypsum. Under the condition of simulated fertilization of animal manure (pig manure) and addition of different passivating agents, the activity of heavy metal Cu Zn in soil decreased with the increase of the amount of passivating agent. The passivation effect of Cu on soil was sepiolite bentonite fly ash desulfurization gypsum. For soil Zn passivation effect is bentonite fly ash sepiolite desulphurization gypsum. The results of adsorption thermodynamics of heavy metal Cu ~ (2 +) Zn in soil indicated that the adsorption ability of different manure, livestock and poultry manure to Cu ~ (2 +) and Zn ~ (2 +) was cattle manure, pig manure, chicken manure; The sorption ability of copper and zinc on soil with different passivating agent was bentonite sepiolite fly ash desulfurization gypsum and sepiolite added with different passivating agent under simulated fertilization of livestock and poultry feces. The thermodynamic characteristics of copper and zinc adsorption in three treatments can be described by Freundlich equation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X713

【参考文献】