长春市新立城水库饮用水水源地污染负荷总量估算研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 01:23

本文选题：水质评价 + 富营养化　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着经济快速发展、人口迅速膨胀的过程，自然水体中所受纳的污染物总量逐年增加，城市饮用水源地污染日益加重。新立城水库是长春市饮用水源地，近年来富营养化所引起的蓝藻爆发事件的发生频率和规模不断上升，威胁到饮用水供应安全，严重时期导致水厂暂停供水，严重影响力居民的生活和工业企业的发展。为全面系统地查清新立城水库饮用水水源地的环境基础状况，建立并完善基础信息，准确掌握饮用水水源地周边污染源分布特点及排放现状、水源地水质现状，构建饮用水保障体系、制定科学有效的水源地污染防治方案、提出可行的水源地管理对策，解决城市饮用水安全问题。本文在进行新立城水库水源地现状调查、水质评价与分析的基础上，核算污染负荷，为水源地污染防治工作的开展奠定基础，为进一步推动水源地保护工作提供科学依据，主要研究成果如下：（1）通过对新立城水库2003~2013年主要污染物常规监测数据的分析可知，化学需氧量、总氮和总磷超标，2009年、2011年水库为中营养化，其余年份均为轻度富营养化。新立城水库水源保护区内主要的点源污染为塑料厂、水泥管厂、塑钢厂和选矿厂等，主要的非点源污染包括保护区周围农村居民生活污水、农田径流面源污染、畜禽养殖污染和交通运输潜在风险。（2）通过计算得到新立城水库水源保护区的内源污染、生活污水、农田径流、畜禽粪便、工业污水污染负荷，估算COD、NH3-N、TN、TP入库量分别为7456t/a、37t/a、15448t/a、3875t/a，汇水区内COD入库量中面源污染为主要污染源，占比85%。面源污染中，畜禽养殖COD入库贡献率最大，占49%，农田径流次之，占35%。TN入库量中，，农田径流排在首位，占96%，畜禽养殖占4%。研究区负荷量最大的区域为伊通镇、伊丹镇和营城子镇，伊通镇氮、磷的负荷量大主要是耕地面积大，且水田较多，氮、磷多随地表径流进入伊通河、伊丹河，最终进入水库。（3）对比水库保护区各主要污染物的水环境容量和污染物的排放量可知，只有强制削减COD、总氮和总磷的排放量，才能满足水库的环境容量，以保障水质达标。近期削减量分别为5216t/a、15001t/a和4176t/a，远期削减量分别为5795t/a、15932t/a和4222t/a。（4）针对新立城水库水源地污染现状，提出污染防治方案，一级保护区内主要采用内源污染防治措施、封闭式管理、隔离防护和湿地建设；二级保护区内分点源和非点源两类污染源分别进行污染防治。提出建立科学的监督管理体系、建设饮用水水源地监控信息系统、加强管理者相关技术培训监督管理考核体制、建设水源地综合执法体系的新立城饮用水源地综合管理防治措施。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the rapid expansion of population, the total amount of pollutants absorbed in the natural water increased year by year, and the pollution of the drinking water source increased day by day. Xinlicheng Reservoir is the source of drinking water in Changchun City. In recent years, the frequency and scale of cyanobacteria outbreaks caused by eutrophication have been increasing, threatening the safety of drinking water supply and causing water plants to suspend water supply in serious period. A serious influence on the lives of residents and the development of industrial enterprises. In order to find out the environmental basic condition of drinking water source of Xinlicheng Reservoir, to establish and perfect basic information, to accurately understand the distribution characteristics of pollution sources around drinking water source and the present situation of discharge, and the present situation of water quality in the source area of drinking water. In order to solve the problem of drinking water safety, it is necessary to construct a drinking water security system, formulate a scientific and effective water source pollution prevention and control scheme, and put forward feasible water source management countermeasures to solve the problem of urban drinking water safety. On the basis of investigation, water quality evaluation and analysis of the water source area of Xinliteng Reservoir, this paper calculates the pollution load, lays the foundation for carrying out the pollution prevention and control work of the water source area, and provides the scientific basis for further promoting the protection of the water source area. The main findings are as follows: 1) by analyzing the regular monitoring data of main pollutants from 2003 to 2013 in Xinlicheng Reservoir, we can see that the chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen and total phosphorus exceed the standard. In 2009 and 2011, the reservoir was moderately nutritious, and the other years were mild eutrophication. The main point source pollution in the water source protection area of Xinlicheng Reservoir is plastic plant, cement pipe factory, plastic steel plant and concentrator, etc. The main non-point source pollution includes domestic sewage from rural residents around the reserve, non-point source pollution from farmland runoff. Livestock and poultry breeding pollution and transportation potential risks. (2) the internal pollution, domestic sewage, farmland runoff, animal manure and industrial sewage pollution load of Xinlicheng Reservoir Water Source Protection area were calculated. The estimated inputting amount of COD NH 3-N + TNTP was 7456t / a ~ 37t / a / a ~ 15448t / a ~ 3875t / a, respectively. The main source of pollution was the COD input volume in the catchment area. Account for 85%. Among the non-point source pollution, the contribution rate of livestock and poultry COD was the largest, accounting for 49%, and farmland runoff was the second, accounting for the first, 96% and 4% of 35%.TN. The largest load areas in the study area are Yitong Town, Yidan Town and Yingchengzi Town, Yitong Town, and Yitong Town. The large amount of nitrogen and phosphorus load is mainly due to the large area of cultivated land and more paddy fields. Nitrogen and phosphorus mostly enter the Yitong River, Yidan River, and finally into the reservoir with the surface runoff. 3) comparing the water environmental capacity of major pollutants and the discharge of pollutants in reservoir protection area, we can see that only by reducing the discharge of COD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, can the environmental capacity of the reservoir be satisfied and the quality of water be guaranteed to meet the standard of water quality. The recent cuts were 5216 t / a 15001t / a and 4176 t / a, respectively, and the forward reductions were 5795 t / a 15932 t / a and 4222 t / a respectively. (4) aiming at the present situation of water source pollution in Xinliteng Reservoir, the pollution prevention scheme is put forward. In the first class reserve, the main measures are internal pollution prevention and control, closed management, isolation and protection and wetland construction. Two kinds of pollution sources, point source and non-point source, were prevented and controlled respectively. It is proposed to establish a scientific supervision and management system, to build a monitoring information system for drinking water sources, and to strengthen the supervision, management and examination system of relevant technical training for managers. Comprehensive management and prevention measures of drinking water source in Xinli city.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524

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