污泥堆肥中颗粒化调理剂的改性

发布时间：2018-05-03 16:05

本文选题：调理剂 + 改性　；参考：《河南工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国城市每年产生大约3000万吨的含水率为80%左右的污泥,如何合理的处理处置这些污泥,避免二次污染是我国环保工作的重点。其中污泥高温好氧堆肥工艺是运用较广泛的方法之一。污泥高温好氧堆肥工艺,是利用自然界中已经有的或者人工培育的微生物,将污泥中的有机质转化为稳定腐殖质的方法,是一个生物化学过程。但污泥无法直接进行堆肥,因其含水率高、孔隙率低,无法满足堆肥所需要的理化条件,所以需要添加一些调理剂,来改善污泥堆肥过程。本课题主要通过对木质调理剂进行改性,以增强其调节污泥堆肥的作用。主要分为以下三部分:(1)对调理剂改性以增加其吸水性能使用浓度为10%的NaOH溶液对木质调理剂改性后,调理剂的吸水性可提高42.3%,从扫描电镜图像可看出,NaOH改性调理剂有清晰的、通畅的导管,可以给液体的渗透提供良好的条件。而没有经过NaOH处理的调理剂的导管则比较凌乱,并有很多物质阻断导管通路。经红外光谱分析,经NaOH改性的调理剂没有酯类的特征峰,这说明NaOH改性去除了调理剂中的油脂,其亲水性得到改善,吸水性增强。在污泥堆肥实验中可以看出,使用NaOH改性调理剂的实验组,其调理剂含水率峰值比对照组高4.1%,其污泥含水率下降幅度比对照组高5.82%,实验组升温速率快,最高温度比对照组高6.8℃,高温期持续时间长,污泥含水率得到明显降低,第7天已降至43.98%,但是实验组的NH3含量比对照组高。实验组的有机质含量比对照低,堆肥效率高。(2)对调理剂改性以增加其除臭性能将调理剂在浓度25%的硫酸中浸泡12h,80℃烘干,其横切面的碳化层厚度最大,达9.8mm,表面碳化效果较好。改性调理剂表面的碳化层结构类似活性炭,有很好的吸氨效果,对氨气的吸附能力可达到80%左右,在氨气浓度1400ppm时,调理剂的吸附效率达到90%。扫描电镜图像表明,改性调理剂没有普通调理剂导管上附着的物质,形成了气体和液体渗透的通道。经红外光谱分析,硫酸在碳化调理剂时除去了氨化物、芳香烃、脂肪氨和羟基等有机物质。污泥堆肥实验中,使用硫酸改性调理剂堆肥污泥的实验组,其温度比对照组低3.75℃,但其平衡堆体水分的能力比对照组好,堆肥第1天,实验组污泥的含水率下降幅度比对照组高3.1%。改性调理剂吸附NH3的能力比对照组高,可达到91.7%。实验组的有机质含量比对照组高,堆肥效率低。(3)对调理剂进行复合改性上述两种改性方法的优缺点很明显,将他们结合起来进行复合改性。从扫描电镜图像可看出复合改性调理剂的导管纹路非常清晰,而且其纹孔膜已破裂,这在NaOH处理和硫酸处理中都未出现,纹孔膜的破裂增加了调理剂的液体渗透性和气体通透性。经红外光谱分析,可得知复合改性去除了调理剂中的酯类物质、烯烃、氨化物、芳香烃、脂肪氨和羟基等有机物质。复合改性调理剂表面的碳化层有更好的吸氨效果,对氨气的吸附能力可达到90%左右,在氨气浓度1540ppm时,调理剂的吸附效率达到93%。其吸水性与NaOH改性调理剂的吸水性相似,在2160分钟时的含水率比原样高43.27%。将复合改性调理剂添加进污泥中进行堆肥实验,实验组的最高温度比对照组高3.6℃,污泥含水率比对照组低11.08%,调理剂最大含水率比对照组高5%;其氨气最大的吸收效率达81.7%,且实验组有机质含量下降趋势比对照组明显,堆肥效率比对照组高。
[Abstract]:About 30 million tons of sewage sludge is produced in our city each year about 80% of water content. How to deal with these sludge reasonably and avoid two pollution is the focus of environmental protection work in our country. The process of aerobic composting of sludge at high temperature is one of the most widely used methods. It is a biochemical process to convert organic matter in sludge into stable humus, but the sludge can not be compost directly. Because of its high water content and low porosity, it is impossible to meet the physical and chemical conditions required by the composting. Therefore, some additives should be added to improve the process of sludge composting. Mainly through the modification of wood conditioner to enhance its effect on regulating the sludge compost, it is divided into three parts: (1) the modification of the conditioner to increase the water absorption capacity of the NaOH solution with the concentration of 10%, the water absorbability of the conditioner can be increased by 42.3%. From the scanning electron microscope images, the modified conditioning can be seen from the scanning electron microscope image. A clear, unobstructed catheter provides a good condition for the penetration of the liquid, while the catheter without the NaOH treated conditioner is more messy and has many substances blocking the catheter pathway. The NaOH modified conditioner has no characteristic peaks of the esters by infrared spectroscopy, indicating that the NaOH has been modified to remove the oil in the conditioner. The hydrophilic property is improved and the water absorbability is enhanced. In the sludge composting experiment, the experimental group with NaOH modifier is 4.1% higher than the control group, and the water cut rate of the sludge is 5.82% higher than that of the control group, the experimental group is faster than the control group, the highest temperature is 6.8 higher than the control group, and the duration of the high temperature period is longer. The water content of the sludge was obviously reduced to 43.98% in seventh days, but the content of NH3 in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. The organic matter content of the experimental group was lower than the control and the composting efficiency was high. (2) the modification of the conditioner to increase its deodorization performance was soaked in the concentration of 25% sulfuric acid by the conditioner and dried at 80 centigrade, and the thickness of the carbonized layer of the transverse section was the largest. 9.8mm, the surface carbonization effect is better. The carbonated layer structure on the surface of the modifier is similar to the activated carbon. It has a good ammonia absorption effect. The adsorption capacity of the ammonia can reach about 80%. When the ammonia concentration is 1400ppm, the adsorption efficiency of the conditioner reaches to the 90%. scanning electron microscope image, and the modified conditioner has no material attached to the ordinary conditioner on the catheter. It has formed the passage of gas and liquid permeation. After the analysis of infrared spectroscopy, the sulfuric acid has removed the organic substances, such as ammoniate, aromatic hydrocarbon, fatty ammonia and hydroxyl, in the carbonization agent. In the experiment of sludge composting, the experiment group of the composting sludge with sulphuric acid modifier, its temperature is 3.75 lower than that of the illumination group, but its ability to balance the water of the reactor body is compared. After first days of composting, the water cut rate of the sludge in the experimental group was higher than the control group, which was higher than the control group. The organic matter content of the 91.7%. experimental group was higher than the control group, and the efficiency of the compost was lower than the control group. (3) the advantages and disadvantages of the two modification methods for the compound modification of the conditioner were obvious, and they would knot them. It is clear that the catheter pattern of the compound modifier is very clear from the scanning electron microscope image, and its striated membrane has broken down, which has not appeared in NaOH treatment and sulfuric acid treatment. The rupture of the striated membrane increases the liquid permeability and gas permeability of the conditioner. The organic substances such as esters, olefin, ammoniate, aromatics, fatty ammonia and hydroxyl were removed in the conditioner. The carbonization layer on the surface of the compound modifier had better ammonia absorption effect, and the adsorption capacity of ammonia could reach about 90%. When the ammonia concentration was 1540ppm, the adsorption efficiency of the conditioner reached 93%. its water absorption and NaOH modifier. The water absorbability is similar. The water cut in 2160 minutes is higher than the original sample by adding the composite modifier to the sludge to carry out the composting experiment. The maximum temperature of the experimental group is 3.6 degrees centigrade higher than the control group, the water content of the sludge is 11.08% lower than the control group, the maximum moisture content of the conditioner is 5% higher than the control group, and the maximum absorption efficiency of the ammonia gas is 81.7%, and the actual efficiency of the ammonia gas is 81.7%. The decreasing trend of organic matter content in the test group was obviously higher than that in the control group, and the compost efficiency was higher than that in the control group.

【学位授予单位】：河南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;S141.4

【参考文献】