工业生产与城市生活对近海污水影响的辨识及治理

发布时间：2018-05-05 06:02

  本文选题：滨海城市化 + 海洋环境效应　； 参考：《世界地理研究》2016年05期

【摘要】：近年,我国滨海城市化不断加快,经济持续高速发展,人们生活水平不断提高,但经济的快速增长导致了近海海洋环境污染日趋严重,海洋生态链不断受到侵蚀。滨海城市化对近海海洋环境的直接污染主要来自于城市生活与工业生产污染物对海洋的就近排放,提高海洋生态环境治理策略的有效性必须以辨明其海洋环境效应为基础。基于1991年~2012年间全国沿海省级行政区(港澳台地区除外)的统计年鉴和公报数据,分别对工业废水、生活污水的排放及其与经济增长的关系进行研究,结果表明:1)我国除上海、海南外的大部分沿海省份,在人均GDP接近40000元左右时,工业污水排放呈现下降趋势,表明我国沿海工业对海洋污染的EKC拐点已经出现,工业废水排放增长的势头得到遏制;2)不同于工业废水排放逐步趋缓的态势,生活污水连续11年持续上升。2011年左右成为重要时点,少数省市生活污水排放量有所放缓或略有下降,但多数省市尤其是海洋经济大省则出现加速上升趋势,这与全国大规模海洋发展战略开启的时点相暗合,加之生活污染监测与治理不足,前景堪忧。研究结果显示,在滨海城市化战略下,以往偏重城市工业污染防控的海洋环境治理策略建议进行相应的调整,滨海城市生活排污量与新型污染物质的激增等更应当引起高度重视。今后的治理策略要着力推动工业化与城市化污染防控的并重,实现产业升级与环境优化的协同,引导利益分配与生态风险的互动,从而切实提升我国城市化质量与环境治理能力,确保滨海城市经济建设和生态环境的和谐发展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the coastal urbanization in China has been accelerating, the economy continues to develop rapidly, and the living standard of the people is increasing. However, the rapid economic growth has caused the pollution of the offshore marine environment to be more serious and the marine ecological chain is constantly eroded. The direct pollution of the coastal urbanization to the offshore marine environment is mainly due to the pollution of urban life and industrial production. The near emission of the pollutants to the ocean and the effectiveness of improving the strategy of marine ecological environment control must be based on the identification of its marine environmental effects. Based on the statistical yearbook and bulletin data of the national coastal provincial administrative region (except Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in ~2012 in 1991, the discharge of industrial waste water, domestic sewage and its economic growth The results show that: 1) in China, most of the coastal provinces except Shanghai and Hainan, when the per capita GDP is about 40000 yuan, the discharge of industrial sewage presents a downward trend, which indicates that the EKC inflection point of the coastal industry has appeared, the growth of industrial wastewater has been restrained; 2) is different from the industrial wastewater discharge. After 11 years of continuous rise of domestic sewage for the last 11 years, the domestic sewage has become an important point. The discharge of domestic sewage in a few provinces and cities has slowed or decreased slightly, but most provinces and cities, especially the large marine economy provinces, have accelerated the rising trend, which coincides with the time points of the national large-scale marine development strategy and the living pollution. The research results show that the strategy of coastal urban pollution prevention and control in the past should be adjusted accordingly, the amount of sewage discharge in coastal cities and the surge of new pollutants should be paid more attention. The integration of industrialization and urban pollution prevention and control, the coordination of industrial upgrading and environmental optimization, guidance of the interaction of interest distribution and ecological risk, thus effectively improving the quality of urbanization and environmental governance in China, and ensuring the harmonious development of the economic construction and the ecological environment of the coastal cities.

【作者单位】： 联合国教科文组织/华东师范大学"海洋与城市"教席基地;上海城市创新经济研究中心;天津商业大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新型城镇化下我国行政区划优化设置及其评估研究”(15ZDA032) 国家社科基金重点项目“统筹城乡文化发展的空间布局优化研究”(12AZD017)
【分类号】：X55;X703
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本文编号：1846509