城市环境条件下植物角质膜渗透特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 10:59

本文选题：角质膜 + 渗透性　；参考：《西安建筑科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：植物叶表皮角质膜是植物防止水分流失和污染物进入叶内最主要的障碍层。为了了解城市环境下绿化植物的叶角质层水分渗透性能,本文以西安市常见绿化植物大叶女贞(Ligustrum lucidum Ait.)、大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus)和石楠(Photinia serrulata Lindl)为对象,并按照西安市环境监测站在市内布置的环境空气质量监测站点,选取了9个采样点,采用草酸/草酸铵方法剥离了叶片的无气孔角质层,利用微蒸腾室法研究了水分渗透性能。结合西安市空气污染情况分析了这三种植物角质膜渗透性随时间空间的变化规律及其与气候特征和空气污染物之间的关系。本研究主要得到以下结果:(1)4种角质膜脱离方法——果胶酶/纤维素酶法、氯化锌/盐酸法、草酸/草酸铵法、三氧化铬法,综合脱离效果和耗时来看草酸/草酸铵法是较好的植物角质膜脱离方法。(2)大叶黄杨上表层角质膜渗透系数范围在6.00×10-9 m/s(广运谭)至2.03×10-8 m/s(兴庆小区),下表层角质膜渗透系数范围在1.50×10-8 m/s(曲江文化集团)至6.73×10-8 m/s(经开区);石楠上表层角质膜渗透系数范围在7.48×10-9 m/s(高新西区)至3.06×10-8 m/s(市人民体育场),下表层角质膜渗透系数范围在3.56×10-8 m/s(纺织城)至6.62×10-8 m/s(高压开关厂)。大叶黄杨和石楠叶片下表皮角质膜的渗透系数明显大于上表皮角质膜的渗透系数,引起上下表层角质膜渗透系数差异的主要原因应该是石楠和大叶黄杨下表层有气孔的存在。(3)大叶女贞、石楠、大叶黄杨的渗透系数,大叶女贞无气孔角质膜的渗透系数全市平均值范围在5.81×10-9 m/s(8月)至1.50×10-8 m/s(4月);石楠无气孔角质膜的渗透系数全市平均值范围在8.27×10-9 m/s(9月)至2.08×10-8 m/s(5月);大叶黄杨无气孔角质膜的渗透系数全市平均值范围在1.38×10-8 m/s(4月)至2.50×10-8 m/s(10月);大叶女贞、石楠、大叶黄杨72 h的渗透系数,其中大叶女贞渗透系数最大出现在4月,最小出现在6月;石楠最大在5月,最小在8月;大叶黄杨最大在10月,最小在9月;(4)大叶黄杨质膜渗透系数与最高温呈显著正相关,相关性系数为0.840,与最低温呈显著正相关,相关性系数为0.768。大叶女贞、石楠和大叶黄杨三种植物中大叶黄杨对气候温度的响应更明显。而大叶女贞、石楠、大叶黄杨三种植物中石楠角质膜渗透系数出现与空气污染物浓度呈现显著相关的频率最大,其次是大叶黄杨,大叶女贞最少,表明石楠对大气污染的响应更明显。
[Abstract]:The keratinocyte membrane of plant leaf epidermis is the main barrier layer to prevent water loss and contaminants from entering the leaves. In order to understand the water permeability of leaf cuticle of greening plants in urban environment, the common greening plants in Xi'an, Ligustrum lucidum Ait., Euonymus japonicusand Photinia serrulata Lindl, were studied in this paper. According to the environmental air quality monitoring station arranged by Xi'an environmental monitoring station, 9 sampling sites were selected, the stomatal cuticle of leaves was stripped by oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method, and the water permeability was studied by micro-transpiration chamber method. Based on the air pollution in Xi'an, the relationship between the permeability of horniness membrane and time and space, climate characteristics and air pollutants was analyzed. The main results of this study are as follows: Pectinase / cellulase method, zinc chloride / hydrochloric acid method, oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method, chromium trioxide method. In view of the separation effect and time consumption, oxalic acid / ammonium oxalate method is a better method for removing plant keratinocytes.) the permeability coefficient of keratinocyte membrane in the upper surface layer of Populus japonicus is from 6.00 脳 10 ~ (-9) m / s (Guangyuntan) to 2.03 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (Xingqing plot, lower layer). The permeability coefficient ranges from 1.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (Qujiang Cultural Group) to 6.73 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (via open area); and from 7.48 脳 10 ~ (-9) Ms / s (high-tech West) to 3.06 脳 10 ~ (-8) Ms / s (in the West area) to 3.56 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s in the lower layer (spinning). Weaving City to 6.62 脳 10-8 m / s (High Voltage Switchgear Plant). The osmotic coefficients of epidermal keratinocytes in the leaves of Populus grandiflorum and Photinia were significantly higher than those of the upper epidermal keratinocytes. The main reason for the difference of permeability coefficient between upper and lower layer of keratinocytes should be the existence of stomata in the surface layer of Photinia and Populus japonicus) the osmotic coefficients of Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus. The average permeability coefficient of horny membrane in Ligustrum lucidum was 5.81 脳 10 -9 m / s (August) to 1.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (April); the average permeability coefficient of hornless keratinocyte membrane of Photinia was 8.27 脳 10 ~ (-9) mm / s (September) to 2.08 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s (May), and the average permeability coefficient was between 8.27 脳 10 ~ (-9) mm / s (September) to 2.08 脳 10 ~ (-8) mm / s (May). The average permeability coefficient of plasma membrane ranged from 1.38 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (April) to 2.50 脳 10 ~ (-8) m / s (October). The osmotic coefficient of Phyllostachys lanceolata for 72 h was the largest in April, the smallest in June, the largest in May, the smallest in August, and the largest in October. The lowest was in September 4) the plasma membrane permeability coefficient of Populus davidiana was positively correlated with the highest temperature, the correlation coefficient was 0.840, and the correlation coefficient was 0.768 with the lowest temperature. In the three species of plants, Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus, the response to climate temperature is more obvious. In the three plants of Ligustrum lucidum, Photinia and Populus japonicus, the frequency of the permeability coefficient of horniness membrane of Photinia mongolicum was the highest, the frequency of which was significantly correlated with the concentration of air pollutants, the second was Populus macrophylla and the least was Ligustrum lucidum. The results show that the response of Photinia to air pollution is more obvious.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X173

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