“洋垃圾”对中国生态环境的影响及海关风险管控探析

发布时间：2018-05-08 01:00

本文选题：“洋垃圾” + 生态环境　；参考：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年05期

【摘要】："洋垃圾"是当前最严重的全球环境问题之一。我国作为"洋垃圾"的主要输入国,生态环境安全正遭受严重的威胁。海关管控"洋垃圾"的力度和水平是影响"洋垃圾"走私进境规模及其生态环境破坏程度的关键因素。虽然我国海关对"洋垃圾"的管控水平不断提高,但相比"洋垃圾"数量庞大的走私规模和日趋严重的环境污染,现有的海关风险管控举措无法保障减少乃至杜绝"洋垃圾"进境目标的实现。本文从"洋垃圾"的品类细分、对生态环境造成的可能污染分类开始,结合"洋垃圾"污染的实际案例,总结出我国海关风险管控缺失的危害,提出基于AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)层次分析方法,对"洋垃圾"海关风险进行等级评判,将"洋垃圾"海关风险因素从企业和货物两个方面分解为四个因素,以此来分析"洋垃圾"的海关风险。采用多级模糊综合评判法确定各指标权重并构建"洋垃圾"海关风险等级评判模型,并以2013年海关"绿篱"行动对该模型进行可行性验证,进而提炼出海关风险管控三大体系,即海关监管、海关稽查和海关缉私风险管控体系,并据此总结出这三个层面的风险管控措施,每层措施又分别给出相应的分级动态调整管控手段。这些海关风险管控措施和手段对于防止"洋垃圾"进境对我国生态环境的破坏起到积极的作用。
[Abstract]:Ocean garbage is one of the most serious global environmental problems. As the main importing country of foreign garbage, the ecological environment security of our country is being seriously threatened. The intensity and level of customs control of "foreign garbage" are the key factors to influence the scale of "foreign garbage" smuggling into the country and the degree of ecological environment damage. Although the level of customs control over "foreign waste" is constantly improving, compared with the large amount of "foreign waste", the smuggling scale and the increasingly serious environmental pollution, The existing measures of customs risk control can not guarantee the realization of the goal of reducing or even eliminating the entry of foreign garbage. This paper begins with the subdivision of the category of "foreign garbage", the classification of possible pollution caused by ecological environment, and combined with the actual case of "foreign garbage" pollution, summarizes the harm of the lack of customs risk control in our country, and puts forward the method of hierarchical analysis based on AHP(Analytic Hierarchy process. The risk factors of "foreign garbage" customs are divided into four factors from two aspects of enterprise and goods, so as to analyze the customs risk of "foreign garbage". The multi-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to determine the weight of each index and to construct the "foreign garbage" customs risk rating evaluation model. The feasibility of the model is verified by the 2013 Customs "hedge" operation, and then the three customs risk control systems are refined. That is, customs supervision, customs inspection and customs anti-smuggling risk control system, and summed up the risk control measures of these three levels, each layer of measures respectively given the corresponding hierarchical dynamic adjustment and control measures. These customs risk control measures and measures play a positive role in preventing "foreign garbage" from entering China's ecological environment.
【作者单位】：对外经济贸易大学公共管理学院;北京市公安局公安交通管理局;
【基金】：中国企业“走出去”协同创新中心资助项目“丝路国家海关治理模式研究”(编号:201504YY007B)
【分类号】：X705;X32

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