生境等价分析法在溢油生态损害评估中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 12:31

本文选题：生境等价分析法 + 溢油　；参考：《国家海洋局第三海洋研究所》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：经济的迅猛发展使人们对能源的需求与日俱增。海洋作为世界上最大的能源储库,长期为人类提供了大量的物质产品和生态服务。然而,全球海洋溢油事故的频繁发生,不仅严重影响了海洋环境,也给人类造成了巨大的经济损失。因此,如何对溢油造成的海洋生态损害进行准确评估,使溢油事故能获得合理的赔偿已成为日益迫切的社会问题,受到世界各国的高度重视。我国对溢油生态损害评估研究起步较晚,没有一套完整的用来评估海洋生态损害赔偿的法律体系,且溢油生态损害评估的内容不全面,没有公认统一的评估技术方法。这些使得我国溢油生态损害的单位赔偿额远低于国际标准,相关利益方无法得到应有的赔偿,最终造成海洋生态环境及资源得不到及时修复。因此,在加快建立海洋溢油生态损害赔偿法律体系的同时,亟须开展海洋溢油生态损害评估技术的研究工作,建立科学合理、切实可行的溢油生态损害评估技术方法体系,对溢油损害进行合理索赔,具有重要的意义。本文参考国内外现有的溢油生态损害评估体系,对环境损害评估、自然资源损害评估和生态服务损害评估三种主要评估方法进行对比研究,指出环境损害评估和我国使用较为广泛的生态服务损害评估存在的不足,并最终确定采用生境等价分析法(HEA)作为本文的研究基础,详细介绍该方法的理论、模型、参数等,并改变原模型的边界条件,对受损生境存在永久损失、替代生境提供永久服务和修复工程造成二次损失三种不同边界条件下的模型进行变形转换。最后,将其应用于国内某溢油事故,对受损的红树林生态系统在不同修复工程下的生态损害进行评估,分析并讨论结果。旨在为我国海洋溢油损害评估的研究与实践提供参考,以期能推进溢油海洋生态系统服务功能损失评估的科学研宄。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the demand for energy is increasing day by day. As the largest energy reservoir in the world, the ocean has provided a large number of material products and ecological services for mankind for a long time. However, the frequent occurrence of global marine oil spills has not only seriously affected the marine environment, but also caused huge economic losses to human beings. Therefore, how to accurately assess the marine ecological damage caused by oil spills and how to obtain reasonable compensation for oil spills has become an increasingly urgent social problem, which has been attached great importance to by many countries all over the world. The research of oil spill ecological damage assessment in China started late, and there is not a complete legal system to evaluate marine ecological damage compensation, and the content of oil spill ecological damage assessment is not comprehensive, and there is no universally accepted assessment technology method. These make the unit compensation of oil spill ecological damage far lower than the international standard, and the relevant stakeholders can not get due compensation, resulting in the marine ecological environment and resources can not be repaired in time. Therefore, while speeding up the establishment of the legal system of marine oil spill ecological damage compensation, it is urgent to carry out the research work of marine oil spill ecological damage assessment technology and establish a scientific, reasonable and feasible technology and method system for oil spill ecological damage assessment. It is of great significance to make a reasonable claim for oil spill damage. Referring to the existing oil spill ecological damage assessment system at home and abroad, this paper makes a comparative study of three main assessment methods: environmental damage assessment, natural resource damage assessment and ecological service damage assessment. This paper points out the shortcomings of environmental damage assessment and ecological service damage assessment widely used in our country, and finally decides to adopt Habitat equivalent Analysis method (HEAA) as the research basis of this paper. The theory, model and parameters of this method are introduced in detail. By changing the boundary conditions of the original model, the models under three different boundary conditions, namely, the permanent loss of damaged habitat, the permanent service provided by substitute habitat and the secondary loss caused by restoration project, are transformed into each other. Finally, it is applied to an oil spill accident in China to evaluate the ecological damage of damaged mangrove ecosystem under different restoration projects, and to analyze and discuss the results. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the research and practice of marine oil spill damage assessment in China, so as to promote the scientific research on the loss assessment of marine oil spill ecosystem service function.
【学位授予单位】：国家海洋局第三海洋研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55;X826

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