面向应急监测的河道污染源追踪定位方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:11

本文选题：水体污染 + 河道模型　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：水体污染源的追踪与定位是水质监测的重要手段,快速、可靠的污染源定位方法结合便捷、高效的移动水质监测设备能够在常规排污控制、突发性水体污染事故治理中起到关键性作用,可作为有关部门整治污染来源、提升受污水质、改善水体环境的重要手段。本文设计开发移动水质监测平台,提出一种河道污染源追踪定位方法,重点研究追踪定位过程中的方向策略、步长策略以及每个步长的运动路径规划方法。方法的整体性能分别在仿真环境和实验环境中得到验证。论文主要工作和创新点为：(1)结合自然河道污染物扩散模型特点提出一种边界约束条件下的河道污染源追踪定位方法。方法在行为规划法和浓度梯度法的基础上,做改进和完善,并加入边界处理方法以适应实际河道的复杂环境。在河道污染物二维扩散仿真环境中,对所提方法进行验证,同时与现有的两种经典方法作对比分析。结果表明,所提方法在适用性、定位效率、定位精度等方面都有较优的性能.(2)针对实际河道存在边界且可能存在障碍物的特点,提出污染源追踪定位过程中解决避障问题的运动路径规划方法。方法以标准遗传算法为基础,改进编码方式、初始种群产生方式、评价函数选择、交叉和变异方式,并加入了插入算子和路径平滑优化方法。将运动路径规划方法和污染源追踪定位方法在带有障碍物的河道污染物二维扩散仿真环境中做验证,结果表明,过程中的每个步长都能找到避开障碍物的安全最短运动路径。(3)结合移动水质监测技术,设计开发了河道水质扩散模拟系统实验平台。该平台可以模拟污染物的不同排放位置、不同排放量、环境中有无障碍物等多种实验场景。论文设计实验方案验证本文所提方法,通过对实验过程和结果的分析指出所提方法的性能优势和待改进之处,也提出了后续工作的开展方向。(4)设计开发了面向应急监测的移动水质监测平台作为河道污染源追踪定位的执行载体,包含移动水质监测船、远程监控中心、手持遥控器三部分。平台具有实时定位监控(差分GPS定位)、自主航行、立体采取水样、水质参数在线测量、无线控制与数据传输五大基本功能。平台在钱塘江进行了多次试运行并开展了初步的应急监测实验。
[Abstract]:The tracking and positioning of water pollution sources is an important means of water quality monitoring. Rapid and reliable pollution source location method combined with convenient and efficient mobile water quality monitoring equipment can be used in conventional sewage control. The treatment of sudden water pollution accidents plays a key role, which can be used as an important means for the relevant departments to rectify the pollution source, improve the quality of sewage and improve the water environment. In this paper, a mobile water quality monitoring platform is designed and developed, and a method for tracking and locating river pollution sources is proposed. The research focuses on the orientation strategy, step size strategy and track planning method for each step in the process of tracking and locating. The overall performance of the method is verified in the simulation environment and the experimental environment respectively. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the characteristics of natural channel pollutant diffusion model, a tracing and locating method for river pollution sources under boundary constraints is proposed. Methods based on the behavioral programming method and the concentration gradient method, the method was improved and improved, and the boundary treatment method was added to adapt to the complex environment of the actual river course. The proposed method is verified and compared with the existing two classical methods in the two-dimensional dispersion simulation environment of river pollutants. The results show that the proposed method has better performance in applicability, location efficiency, positioning accuracy and so on. A motion path planning method is proposed to solve the problem of obstacle avoidance in the process of tracing and locating pollution sources. Methods based on the standard genetic algorithm, the coding method, initial population generation, evaluation function selection, crossover and mutation were improved, and insert operators and path smoothing optimization methods were added. The motion path planning method and the pollution source tracking method are verified in the two-dimensional diffusion simulation environment of river pollutants with obstacles. The results show that, Each step in the process can find the safe shortest movement path of avoiding obstacles. (3) combined with mobile water quality monitoring technology, the experimental platform of river water quality diffusion simulation system is designed and developed. The platform can simulate various experimental scenarios such as different emission locations, different emissions, obstacles in the environment and so on. The experimental scheme is designed to verify the proposed method. The performance advantages and improvements of the proposed method are pointed out through the analysis of the experimental process and results. The mobile water quality monitoring platform for emergency monitoring is designed and developed as the executive carrier of channel pollution source tracking and positioning, including mobile water quality monitoring ship, remote monitoring center and handheld remote control. The platform has five basic functions of real-time positioning and monitoring (differential GPS positioning, autonomous navigation, stereoscopic water sampling, on-line measurement of water quality parameters, wireless control and data transmission). The platform was tested in Qiantang River for many times and the preliminary emergency monitoring experiment was carried out.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X832

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