广州地区街区尺度热环境与热舒适度评价

发布时间：2018-05-11 17:50

本文选题：街区热环境 + 实地观测　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市化建设的快速推进,伴随而来的各种热环境问题日益显著。近年来热环境问题逐渐被人们所认识和关注,其中最为人们所熟知的就是城市热岛(Urban Heat Island)问题。城市是由一个个城市街区组成的,作为重要组成单元,街区尺度室外热环境和舒适性评价问题是关系居住质量和身心健康的重要民生问题,同时也是复杂的多学科交叉问题。目前对于街区热环境的研究存在不足:一是国内外学者大都是从单一学科角度出发,对于各个学科的综合交叉研究非常少;二是对街区热环境的数值模拟研究采用计算模型复杂、计算周期长,难以在实际工程中进行应用;三是对街区热环境没有系统的评价方法。本文立足于建筑环境专业,结合城市气候、规划设计等专业的相关研究,针对广州地区的气候条件和街区、建筑特点,研究街区尺度的热环境和热舒适问题,旨在通过数值模拟结合现场实测的方式,总结广州地区控制性详细规划(简称控规)因素对街区热环境的影响机制,提出一套实用的街区热环境与热舒适度评价的指标体系,建立热环境与热舒适度评价的简易模型,在热环境方面对街区的规划设计提供指导。针对广州地区街区尺度热环境与热舒适,本文重点研究了以下几个方面内容:(1)总结广州地区室外热环境影响因素,包括从建筑形式、布局、朝向到下垫面种类、热物性以及遮阳构筑物等方面的因素。建立以评价性指标与热环境参数相结合作为目标层,以微气候条件、规划空间布局、建筑材料和下垫面属性以及人为排热为指标层的热环境与热舒适度综合评价指标体系。(2)在课题组已有的城市区域热气候预测模型(UDC)的基础上,对原模型进行改进和功能扩展。对广州某小区进行连续一周的热环境测试,并用改进的模型对该小区进行模拟研究,通过模拟结果和实测数据的对比分析验证改进后的模型。(3)以单参数分析的思想设计数值试验,得到不同参数组合下街区热环境变化规律。主要结论为:建筑密度和容积率对热环境的影响是非线性、非单调的,当建筑密度和容积率变化时,环境温度及舒适性指标的响应曲线表现为类似二次曲线的凹函数形式;硬地路面以及建筑外表面材料铺装材料,虽然反射率增大对热环境有利,但是过大的反射率会增大平均辐射温度,甚至引起光污染;建筑架空、绿地与绿化、透水路面、水体等下垫面以及遮阳构筑物对改善热环境有利。(4)在数值试验的基础上,考虑热环境影响因素间相互作用关系,对各个参数进行组合,重新整合成用于回归分析的因子。拟合得到控制性详细规划指标的热环境与热舒适度评价模型。将该模型程序化,开发针对广州地区的城市控规用热环境预测评估软件。基于建立的热环境评价简化模型和软件采用全局敏感性分析法进行参数不确定性和敏感性分析,得到主要结论有:(1)热环境评价性指标对建筑密度和楼层数最为敏感;(2)建筑架空对于WBGT为第三敏感因素,而对于SET*和热岛强度,第三敏感因素则是绿地率;(3)整体敏感性指标考虑各因素间相互作用,对于敏感性分析更加全面和准确。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the hot environmental problems are becoming more and more obvious. In recent years, the hot environment problem has been gradually recognized and concerned. The most familiar one is the Urban Heat Island problem. The city is composed of city blocks, as an important component, block. The problem of scale outdoor thermal environment and comfort evaluation is an important livelihood problem related to the quality of living and physical and mental health, and it is also a complex multidisciplinary cross problem. At present, there is a lack of research on the thermal environment of the block. First, scholars at home and abroad are mostly from the perspective of a single subject, and the comprehensive cross study of various disciplines is very important. The two is the numerical simulation of the thermal environment of the block, the calculation model is complex, the calculation period is long, it is difficult to be applied in the practical engineering, and the three is not a systematic evaluation method for the thermal environment of the block. This paper is based on the major of the architectural environment, combined with the urban climate, planning and planning and other related studies, aiming at the climate bar in Guangzhou area. The thermal environment and thermal comfort of block scale are studied. The effect mechanism of the control detailed planning (abbreviation) factors on the thermal environment of the block in Guangzhou area is summed up through numerical simulation and field measurement, and a set of practical index system for thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation is put forward. The simple model of thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation provides guidance for the planning and design of the block in the thermal environment. In view of the thermal environment and thermal comfort of the block scale in Guangzhou, this paper focuses on the following aspects: (1) summarizing the factors affecting the outdoor thermal environment in Guangzhou, including the form, layout, orientation to the underlying surface of the outdoor environment. Factors such as class, thermal physical property and sunshade structure. A comprehensive evaluation index system of thermal environment and thermal comfort is established with the combination of evaluation index and thermal environment parameters as target layer, microclimate conditions, planning space layout, building material and underlying surface properties and artificial heat discharge as the index layer. (2) the existing city in the project group On the basis of the city regional thermal climate prediction model (UDC), the original model is improved and functional expansion. The thermal environment of a residential district in Guangzhou is tested for a week, and the improved model is used to simulate the residential area. The improved model is verified by comparison and analysis of the simulation results and the measured data. (3) the idea of single parameter analysis is used. A numerical experiment is designed to obtain the thermal environment change law of the block under different parameters. The main conclusion is that the influence of the building density and volume ratio on the thermal environment is nonlinear and non monotone. When the building density and volume rate change, the response curve of the environmental temperature and comfort index is shown as a concave function similar to the two curve; The surface and outer surface material paving material, although the reflectivity is favorable to the thermal environment, but the excessive reflectivity will increase the average radiation temperature and even cause light pollution; building overhead, green space and greening, permeable pavement, water body and other underlying surfaces and sunshade structures are beneficial to the improvement of the thermal environment. (4) on the basis of the numerical test Considering the interaction between the factors affecting the thermal environment, combining each parameter, recombining the factors that are used in the regression analysis, the thermal environment and thermal comfort evaluation model of the control detailed planning index are fitted. The model is programmed to develop the thermal environment prediction and evaluation software for urban control rules for city and city in Guangzhou. The simplified model of thermal environment evaluation and the software use the global sensitivity analysis to analyze the parameter uncertainty and sensitivity. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the thermal environment evaluation index is most sensitive to the building density and the number of floors; (2) the architectural aerial is third sensitive to WBGT, and the third sensitive factors for the strength of the heat island and the heat island. (3) the overall sensitivity index takes account of the interaction among various factors, which is more comprehensive and accurate for sensitivity analysis.

【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU111;X16

【参考文献】