高速公路、高速铁路混合交通噪声对受体焦虑和学习记忆影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 02:35

  本文选题：高速公路 + 高速铁路　； 参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：为研究混合交通噪声对受体焦虑和学习记忆能力影响及其可恢复性,本文对沪杭甬高速公路噪声和沪杭高速铁路噪声分别进行了采样,参照高速公路车流量和高速铁路沿线列车运行时刻表进行合理编排后叠加得到高速公路、高速铁路混合交通噪声,将其昼夜等效声级(Ldn)调整至70dBA后作为实验暴露声源。选取与人类中枢神经系统较为相近的ICR小鼠和SD大鼠作为实验对象,开展为期52d的噪声暴露,并于噪声暴露不同阶段及停止暴露后,对不同批次大、小鼠依次进行如下动物神经生理实验：小鼠神经行为实验(包括旷场实验、明暗箱实验和Morris水迷宫实验),小鼠血浆单胺类神经递质(包括去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)和5-羟色胺(5-HT))测定实验,小鼠海马氨基酸类神经递质(包括谷氨酸(Glu)和γ-氨基丁酸(GABA))测定实验,以及大鼠背侧海马蛋白(包括钙离子依赖型磷酸酶(p-CaMKII)和N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸(NMDA)受体亚单位NR1)表达检测实验,大鼠海马CA1区与CA3区、颞叶皮质和杏仁核神经组织超微结构观察实验。上述动物神经生理实验中,与焦虑相关的实验包括旷场实验(考察指标包括中央格时间、跨格数、站立次数、爬墙次数)、明暗箱实验(考察指标包括明箱停留时间、穿箱次数)及血浆单胺类神经递质测定(考察指标包括NE、DA、5-HT)。结果显示,除噪声暴露第34d小鼠跨格数及噪声暴露第12d小鼠血浆DA浓度外,整个实验周期内两组小鼠的各指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。以上结果表明Ldn为70dBA的高速公路、高速铁路混合交通噪声对受体情绪和活动性影响较为微弱,且随着暴露时间延长,这一影响可通过受体自适应恢复正常。与学习记忆相关的实验包括Morris水迷宫实验(考察指标包括潜伏期、穿台次数、目标象限停留时间百分比)、海马区氨基酸类神经递质测定(考察指标包括Glu、GABA)、蛋白表达测定(考察指标包括p-CaMKⅡ、NR1)及神经组织超微结构观察(考察指标包括神经元、突触)。结果显示,整个实验周期内实验组动物各神经生理指标均与对照组无显著差异(P0.05),噪声暴露52d后大鼠海马CA1区与CA3区、颞叶皮质及杏仁核等脑区也均未出现明显的神经元凋亡症状及突触形态、功能可塑性变化。几方面实验的结果较为一致,均表明Ldn为70dBA的高速公路、高速铁路混合交通噪声未对受体学习记忆能力产生明显影响。将本研究得到的混合交通噪声神经生理效应与以往单一交通噪声神经生理效应进行对比,发现二者之间存在较大差异。在相同暴露强度(Ldn为70dBA)下,高速公路、高速铁路混合交通噪声对受体焦虑和学习记忆的影响小于单一的高速铁路噪声,这可能是由于混合交通噪声突发性较弱、最大A声级较小所致,且最大A声级不同可能是引起这一差异的关键因素。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of mixed traffic noise on receptor anxiety and learning and memory ability and their recoverability, the noise of Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo Expressway and Shanghai-Hangzhou High-speed Railway were sampled in this paper. According to the reasonable arrangement of the expressway traffic flow and the train running schedule along the high-speed railway, the superposition of the expressway and the mixed traffic noise of the high-speed railway is obtained, and the equivalent sound level of Ldnn is adjusted to 70dBA as the experimental exposure sound source. ICR mice and SD rats, which are close to human central nervous system, were selected for 52 days of noise exposure. In turn, the following animal neurophysiological experiments were carried out in mice: the neurobehavioral experiments in mice (including open field experiments), The determination of monoamine neurotransmitters (including norepinephrine, dopamine dadamine) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the plasma of mice were studied by dark box test and Morris water maze test. The determination of amino acid neurotransmitters (including glutamate Glu) and 纬 -aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hippocampus of mice, The expression of dorsal hippocampal protein (including calcium ion-dependent phosphatase p-CaMK II) and N- methyl-Daspartate (NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NMDA-NR1) receptor subunit in rat dorsal hippocampus were detected, and the CA1 and CA3 regions in hippocampus of rats were detected. The ultrastructure of temporal cortex and amygdaloid nerve tissue was observed. In the animal neurophysiological experiments mentioned above, the anxiety related experiments included open field experiments (including central lattice time, span number, standing times, number of climbing walls, open and dark box test) (including the stay time of the open box, the number of standing times, the number of times of climbing the wall and the number of times of climbing the wall). Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in plasma (including NED + 5-HT). The results showed that there was no significant difference in each index between the two groups during the whole experiment period except for the number of mice crossing the grid on the 34th day of noise exposure and the plasma DA concentration of mice on the 12th day of noise exposure. The above results indicate that Ldn is the expressway of 70dBA, and the mixed traffic noise of high-speed railway has a weak effect on receptor emotion and activity, and with the extension of exposure time, this effect can be self-adaptively restored to normal through the receptor. The experiments related to learning and memory included the Morris water maze test (including incubation period, platform penetration times, etc.) Target quadrant residence time (QT), amino acid neurotransmitters in hippocampal area (including Gluus GABA1, protein expression (including p-CaMK 鈪，

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