基于驻极体静电吸附大气细颗粒物的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 05:41

本文选题：雾霾 + 硅橡胶　；参考：《西安电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来雾霾天气的持续和恶化,已成为我国面临的主要环境问题。雾霾不仅给人类健康带来了隐患,而且也给电力输运带来了严重的影响。输电线路中电场的作用使得大气污染颗粒物在静电力的作用下更易于富集在输电系统绝缘材料表面,从而对材料产生腐蚀劣化等行为。本文研究了雾霾对输电设备外绝缘材料表面的积污特性及对其绝缘特性的影响,并基于静电场对大气颗粒物的静电吸附效应,发展了一种基于热释电材料的大气污染颗粒物的采样及过滤方法。论文的主要内容包括以下三部分:(1)通过在雾霾天气以及模拟雾霾环境下硅橡胶的实验研究,发现雾霾中的水分、可溶性盐、酸性气体等综合作用可能对硅橡胶表面造成腐蚀劣化以及所导致硅橡胶表面开裂,介电性能下降,介电损耗增加等破坏。(2)大气中的细颗粒物大多是极性颗粒,在静电力的作用下更易于沉积在材料表面。因此,利用静电吸附效应能够对污染细颗粒进行高效吸附和过滤。文中通过对驻极体热释电材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)的改性,使得其具有热释电效应,并研究了其在静电吸附大气细微颗粒物中的应用。(3)相比于聚合物驻极体热释电材料的耐高温性能差,介电损耗非常大等特点,无机驻极体热释电材料铌酸锂则具有热释电系数大、耐热、耐损耗等优异性能。利用铌酸锂在温度调控下产生的表面电荷的静电作用吸附空气中的细微颗粒物,并利用SEM、ICP-MS等分析手段对捕获的颗粒物的粒径和成分进行了测试分析。结果表明此种材料对空气中的细微颗粒物具有较高的吸附效率,所吸附的颗粒物成分与报道中的雾霾颗粒一致。这种基于热释电材料铌酸锂的静电吸附方式具有注电简单易行、吸附效率高、寿命长等优点,而且对于吸附的颗粒物粒径没有选择性,尤其对于空气中的亚微米甚至纳米尺度颗粒物具有较高的吸附效率,因此,在大气颗粒物采样及空气净化领域具有潜在的应用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the persistence and deterioration of haze weather has become a major environmental problem in China. Haze not only brings hidden danger to human health, but also brings serious influence to electric power transportation. Due to the effect of electric field in transmission lines, atmospheric particulates are more easily enriched on the surface of insulation materials of transmission system under the action of hydrostatic power, thus resulting in corrosion and deterioration of the materials. In this paper, the effects of haze on the fouling and insulation properties of external insulating materials of transmission equipment are studied, and the electrostatic adsorption effect of electrostatic field on atmospheric particulates is also studied. A method for sampling and filtering airborne particulate matter based on pyroelectric materials is developed. The main contents of the paper include the following three parts: 1) through the experimental study of silicone rubber in haze weather and simulated haze environment, we found the water, soluble salt in haze. The combined action of acid gas and so on may cause corrosion deterioration on the surface of silicone rubber, crack on the surface of silicone rubber, decrease of dielectric properties, increase of dielectric loss, etc.) the fine particles in the atmosphere are mostly polar particles. It is easier to deposit on the surface of material under the action of electrostatic force. Therefore, high efficiency adsorption and filtration of contaminated fine particles can be carried out by electrostatic adsorption. By modifying the electret pyroelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), it has pyroelectric effect. Compared with polymer electret pyroelectric materials, its application in electrostatic adsorption of fine particulate matter in atmosphere, such as its poor high temperature resistance and high dielectric loss, is studied. Lithium niobate, an inorganic electret pyroelectric material, has excellent properties such as high pyroelectric coefficient, heat resistance and loss resistance. The fine particles in air were adsorbed by electrostatic interaction of surface charge produced by lithium niobate under the control of temperature. The particle size and composition of the captured particles were measured and analyzed by means of SEMMA-ICP-MS. The results show that the material has a high adsorption efficiency for fine particles in air and the composition of the particles adsorbed is consistent with the reported haze particles. This method of electrostatic adsorption based on pyroelectric material lithium niobate has the advantages of simple and easy to inject electricity, high adsorption efficiency and long life, and has no selectivity for the particle size of adsorbed particles. Especially for sub-micron or even nano-scale particulate matter in the air, it has high adsorption efficiency, so it has potential application value in the field of atmospheric particulate matter sampling and air purification.
【学位授予单位】：西安电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X513

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