基于壳聚糖新型海洋防污涂膜制备及其性能与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 08:41

本文选题：壳聚糖膜 + 应用　；参考：《上海海洋大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：壳聚糖是一种广泛存在于自然界的线性高分子化合物,具有生物活性,可生物降解,是一种绿色高新科技材料。壳聚糖作为一种优良膜材料,其产品的开发引起人们的密切关注。本文前言主要介绍壳聚糖及其膜在医药、食品、化工、农业等领域的应用进展现状,以及其在水产养殖业中用作防污损涂层新材料的前景展望。为了进一步研究壳聚糖膜的制备、性能以及壳聚糖膜对海洋附着生物的防除作用和壳聚糖膜对养殖扇贝生长的影响,首先研究了壳聚糖膜对铜离子的吸附作用,建立了微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定壳聚糖膜中铜离子含量的方法。在此基础上研究了6种壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能评估。为了了解壳聚糖膜对海洋附着生物的防除作用,从2014年6月到9月在海南陵水新村港扇贝养殖区进行了挂板试验,以此了解挂板区高温期海洋附着生物种类数量变化,并初步探究了壳聚糖膜对养殖扇贝生长的影响。主要结论如下:1)建立微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱测定壳聚糖膜中铜离子含量的方法。方法:采用微波消解法对样品膜进行消解,在波长为327.4 nm处,用石墨炉测定样品模中铜离子的含量。结果:本方法线性关系良好,相关系数r2=0.999 3,检出限为0.096?g/g。铜离子回收率为72.78%~90.91%。结论:该方法具有快速、简单、准确、无污染等优点,可用于测定壳聚糖膜对铜离子的选择性吸附量。2)在最佳成膜条件下,用流延法制备6种壳聚糖膜。比较了6种膜的物理特性、抑菌效果及对低浓度铜离子的吸附性能。结果表明,6种膜均具有良好的吸水性和透气性,加入交联剂戊二醛会改变膜的柔韧性,加入纳米Ti O2的膜透光率降低。6种膜都具有一定的抑菌效果,而且吸附铜离子后抑菌效果有所增强。6种壳聚糖膜对铜离子的吸附具有快速高效的特点,为基于壳聚糖的自抛光、低表面能新型海洋防污损涂膜的研发提供了依据。3)新村港位于海南陵水县新村镇东南部,属于半封闭天然渔港。本试验在新村港的扇贝架上投放试验挂板和扇贝笼,来测定附着污损生物的种类数量情况。利用Shannon-Wiener指数进行群落的多样性分析,试验周期为高温期6到9月。总共记录污损生物20种,月平均附着量为:1m水深处442.06 g.m-2,3m水深处488.66 g.m-2,5m水深处407.24 g.m-2,其中9月份附着量最大。在垂直分布方面,3m水深处附着量最大,5m水深处附着量最小。高温期各月都有污损生物的附着,优势种为网纹藤壶,其次为华美盘管虫。种群多样性指数(H′)和种类均匀度(J′)都以6月份最高,8月份最低。种类丰富度(D)为9月份最高,6月份最低。4)研究了壳聚糖涂膜对扇贝生长的影响。经壳聚糖防污涂膜处理后的扇贝,其生物附着量低于对照组。通过测定养殖30t、60t、120t后试验组与对照组扇贝的大小发现试验组扇贝的大小高于对照组。试验结果表明,使用壳聚糖防污涂膜能防御附着生物的附着,有利于合浦珠母贝的健康养殖。
[Abstract]:Chitosan is a kind of linear polymer, which is widely used in nature. It has biological activity and biodegradability. It is a kind of green high tech material. As a fine membrane material, chitosan has attracted people's attention. The preface of this paper mainly introduces chitosan and its membrane in medicine, food, chemical industry and agriculture. In order to further study the preparation of chitosan film, the properties of chitosan membrane and the effect of chitosan membrane on the marine attached organisms and the effect of chitosan film on the growth of cultured scallops, the adsorption of chitosan film on the growth of cultured scallops was first studied. The method of Microwave Digestion Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry was established to determine the content of copper ions in chitosan film. On this basis, the preparation and performance evaluation of 6 chitosan composite membranes were studied. In order to understand the effect of chitosan membrane on the prevention of marine attached organisms, from June 2014 to September, the scallop culture area in Lingshui new village port, Hainan In order to understand the changes in the number of marine attached organisms in the high temperature period of the hanging plate area, the effect of chitosan film on the growth of cultured scallops was preliminarily investigated. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the method of Microwave Digestion - graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of copper ion content in chitosan membrane. A graphite furnace was used to determine the content of copper ions in the sample mold at a wavelength of 327.4 nm. Results: this method has a good linear relationship, the correlation coefficient r2=0.999 3, the detection limit of 0.096? G/g. copper ion recovery rate of 72.78%~90.91%. conclusion: the method has the advantages of rapid, simple, accurate, no pollution and so on, and can be used for the determination of chitosan membrane. The selective adsorption capacity of copper ions.2) under the optimum film forming conditions, 6 kinds of chitosan membranes were prepared by the casting process. The physical properties of the 6 kinds of membranes were compared, the bacteriostasis effect and the adsorption properties of the low concentration copper ions were compared. The results showed that the 6 kinds of membranes all had good water absorption and permeability, and the addition of crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde would change the flexibility of the membrane and add nano T. The membrane transmittance of I O2 reduces the Bacteriostasis of.6 films, and the bacteriostasis effect of copper ions is enhanced after adsorption of copper ions. It has the characteristics of rapid and efficient adsorption of copper ions by.6 chitosan films. It provides a basis for the self Polishing Based on chitosan and the research and development of a new marine anti fouling coating with low surface energy.) the new village port in Hainan mausoleum is located in the mausoleum. In the southeastern part of the new village town of Shui county, it belongs to the semi closed natural fishing port. The test hanger plate and scallop cage are put on the scallop shelf in the new village port to determine the number of the species of attached fouling organisms. The diversity analysis of the community is carried out with the Shannon-Wiener index. The test period is 6 to September at high temperature. A total of 20 kinds of fouling organisms are recorded and the monthly average is recorded. The attachment amount is: the depth of 442.06 g.m-2,3m water depth of 1m water depth is 407.24 g.m-2 deep in 488.66 g.m-2,5m water depth, which is the largest attachment in September. In vertical distribution, the depth of attachment of 3M water is the largest and the attachment of 5m water is the smallest. The index (H ') and the species uniformity (J') were the highest in June, the lowest in August. The species richness (D) was the highest in September, and the lowest.4 in June. The effect of chitosan coating on the growth of scallop was studied. The biofouling scallop treated by chitosan was lower than the control group. The test group and the control group after the culture of 30t, 60t and 120t were measured and compared. The size of scallop in the test group was found to be higher than that of the control group. The results showed that the use of chitosan antifouling coating could protect the attachment of adherent organisms and was beneficial to the healthy culture of Hepu pearl.

【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X55

【参考文献】