两淮矿区开发工程生态环境影响及综合整治对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 15:01

本文选题：两淮煤矿 + 煤炭资源开发　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：两淮煤矿区位于安徽省中北部,包括淮北和淮南两大矿区,两淮煤炭基地为13个国家大型煤炭基地和6个煤电基地之一,地处我国煤炭消费量大的东中部,担负华东地区供给煤炭的重任。煤炭资源开采,一方面满足了国民经济建设的需要,另一方面也带来了一系列生态环境问题,因为煤炭生产是一个资源消耗、环境破坏的过程。本文对煤炭资源开采引发的生态破坏进行了分析、评估,矿区开发的生态影响主要体现在:一是工矿企业占地,两淮煤炭开发,新建和改扩建矿井、新建电厂、改扩建铁路和新建选煤厂等将征用大量的农田、林地等农业用地,占用土地,直接导致区域生态系统结构与功能发生变化;二是矿区地貌景观受到重大破坏和改变;三是煤矿开采矿井排水疏干,引起地下水位沉降,破坏了水分生态平衡;四是采煤区形成大面积地表沉陷,并由此诱发产生一系列生态影响问题,其中主要是压煤村庄居民的搬迁,所带来的社会生态环境问题,这是一个因自然资源开发而引起的继发性环境问题。两淮矿区目前生态环境综合整治现状主要是根据沉陷区不同类型,因地制宜对采煤沉陷区进行土地复垦和生态重建:发展种植业、利用沉陷水面,发展水产养殖业、煤矸石充填还地、覆土造地造林、发展果树种植、畜禽养殖,建设人工湿地污水处理系统、建立沉陷区生态重建示范工程,立足利用大水面沉陷区建设水上公园,开展休闲和旅游,实施农林牧副渔业综合发展。根据对煤炭资源开采引发的生态影响的剖析及两淮矿区已有的环境治理经验进行总结,两淮矿区生态环境治理多年来做了很多工作和努力,但由于两淮矿区历史久远,随着多年的不断开采,矿区环境问题旧的尚未解决,新的环境问题又不断产生,导致煤矿开采与生态环境的对立关系不断加重,仍然存在很多问题亟待解决:应推进形成一个统一的两淮矿区联合开发体系,以便监管指导;部分矿山矿产资源在开发中破坏及资源浪费现象,矿井回采率较低;缺少区域性的整体矿区生态环境保护规划、污染防治规划和一个统一的两淮矿区生态环境综合治理和生态重建监管机构、缺少统一的资金投入运行管理机制。结合安徽省皖北六市采煤塌陷区综合治理规划(2012-2020年),由此提出两淮矿区生态环境综合整治对策:(1)为适应新形势下经济发展,建立两淮矿区新型煤炭资源开发企业管理运营机制,在淮北、皖电、淮南、新集四大矿业集团的基础上,组建统一的两淮地区能源开发企业联合体系;(2)按照社会主义新农村标准建设成矿区型的生态村。(3)大力开展两淮地区生态环境治理工作:1)保护采煤沉陷区形成的湿地生态系统;2)科学地分区治理:两淮矿区已形成报废型矿井区、衰退型矿井区和兴盛型矿井区土地利用类型,对三种土地利用类型分别采取不同的治理措施;(4)加强两淮矿区生态环境管理。
[Abstract]:The Lianghuai coal mining area is located in the central and northern part of Anhui Province, including the two major mining areas of Huaibei and Huainan. The Lianghuai coal base is one of 13 large national coal bases and one of the six coal-power bases. It is located in the eastern and central parts of China, where coal consumption is large. To shoulder the responsibility of supplying coal in East China. The exploitation of coal resources, on the one hand, meets the needs of national economic construction, on the other hand, it also brings a series of ecological and environmental problems, because coal production is a process of resource consumption and environmental destruction. In this paper, the ecological damage caused by coal resource exploitation is analyzed and evaluated. The ecological impact of mining area development is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first, the occupation of industrial and mining enterprises, the development of coal in Lianghuai River, the construction and expansion of coal mines, the construction of new power plants, Reconstruction and expansion of railway and new coal preparation plant will expropriate a large number of agricultural land, such as farmland, woodland and other agricultural land, occupying land, directly resulting in changes in the structure and function of regional ecosystem, second, the geomorphological landscape of mining area has been greatly damaged and changed; The third is the drainage of coal mines, which results in the subsidence of the groundwater level and the destruction of the ecological balance of water; the fourth, the formation of a large area of surface subsidence in the coal mining area, and a series of ecological problems arising therefrom. The main one is the relocation of the residents of coal compaction villages, which brings about the social ecological environment problem, which is a secondary environmental problem caused by the exploitation of natural resources. The present situation of comprehensive ecological environment renovation in Lianghuai mining areas is mainly based on different types of subsidence areas, and measures are taken to carry out land reclamation and ecological reconstruction in coal mining subsidence areas according to local conditions: development of planting, utilization of subsidence surface, development of aquaculture, Coal gangue filling and returning land, reforestation with soil cover, development of fruit tree planting, livestock and poultry breeding, construction of constructed wetland sewage treatment system, establishment of ecological reconstruction demonstration project of subsidence area, establishment of water park based on utilization of large water surface subsidence area, Leisure and tourism, the implementation of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fisheries industry comprehensive development. Based on the analysis of the ecological impact caused by coal resource exploitation and the existing experience of environmental management in Lianghuai mining area, it is concluded that a lot of work and efforts have been made in Lianghuai mining area for many years, but due to the long history of Lianghuai mining area, With the continuous exploitation for many years, the old environmental problems in mining areas have not been solved, and new environmental problems have been emerging, which leads to the increasing antagonism between coal mining and ecological environment. There are still many problems to be solved: a unified joint development system of Lianghuai mining area should be formed in order to supervise and guide, some mine mineral resources are destroyed and wasted in exploitation, and the mining recovery rate is low; There is a lack of regional ecological environment protection planning, pollution prevention and control plan, a unified regulatory body for ecological environment comprehensive management and ecological reconstruction in the Lianghuai mining area, and a unified management mechanism for the investment of funds into the operation. Combined with the comprehensive management plan of coal mining collapse area in six cities of northern Anhui Province for 2012-2020, the paper puts forward the ecological environment comprehensive control countermeasure of Lianghuai mining area, "Wei Xi 1). In order to adapt to the economic development under the new situation, the management and operation mechanism of the new coal resources development enterprise in Lianghuai mining area is established. On the basis of the four major mining groups in Huaibei, Anhui, Huainan and Xinji, Set up a unified joint system of energy development enterprises in the Lianghuai area of Huanghuai) build the ecological village of metallogenic type in accordance with the standard of new socialist countryside. 3) vigorously carry out the ecological environmental control work in the area of Huai River and Lianghuai River) protect the wetness formed in the coal mining subsidence area. Land ecosystem 2) Scientific zonal management: the abandoned mine area has been formed in the Lianghuai mining area, Different measures should be taken to control the three types of land use, respectively. 4) to strengthen the ecological environment management of Lianghuai mining area.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X82;X322

【相似文献】