漓江流域上游生态需水量研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 17:12

本文选题：漓江流域上游 + 生态需水量　；参考：《桂林理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：河流生态需水量研究是生态水文学领域重要研究课题之一,也是国内外学者重点关注的问题。本文基于漓江流域上游水文水质条件、河流生态系统基本要素、河流生态功能等基础资料,初步计算了漓江流域上游生态需水量,可作为漓江流域上游水资源管理的理论依据。因漓江流域上游水资源时空分布极不均匀,且过去在水资源配置中对生态需水量考虑甚少,致使生态用水长期被生产生活用水挤占。鉴于此,本文对漓江流域上游生态需水量立题研究。本文分析了漓江流域上游自然地理环境和主要面临的生态环境问题,总结了计算生态需水量的各种方法,分析这些方法的适宜性和优缺点,选择了适宜漓江流域上游的计算方法。主要研究内容及成果如下:(1)选择月保证率法计算漓江流域上游生态需水量。因漓江流域上游降雨量季节性分布极不均匀,径流量年内、年际变化较大,故对月保证率法进行了改进,最终得到50%保证率下“好”等级的生态需水量58.50 m3/s(18.45亿m3)为漓江流域上游适宜生态需水量,最小生态需水量为17.25 m3/s(5.44亿m3)。用Tennant法对结果进行检验,并分析了产生误差的原因。(2)取样分析漓江流域流域上游河水中TN、TP、COD、NH3-N并计算稀释每种污染物的生态需水量。分析结果显示,漓江流域上游TP、COD、NH3-N的含量符合桂林市水功能区划要求的III类水质,TN排放超标较严重,近桂林市区TN含量仅达到V类水质。计算得到满足桂林市水功能区划要求的TN、TP、COD、NH3-N生态需水量分别是60.72m3/s(19.15m3)、39.98m3/s(12.61m3)、28.30m3/s(8.92m3)、37.95m3/s(11.97m3)。运用7Q10法近10年最枯月流量和90%保证率最枯月流量计算所得需水量分别为30.23m3/s(9.53亿m3)和24.89 m3/s(7.85亿m3)。为保生态环境安全,确定完全满足水质要求的生态需水量是60.72m3/s(19.15m3);防止污染基本生态需水量是30.23m3/s(9.53亿m3)。(3)综合水质、水量要求,本文确定漓江流域上游适宜生态需水量为60.72m3/s(19.15m3),最小生态需水量为17.25 m3/s(5.44亿m3)。为保证漓江流域上游适宜生态需水量要求,分别按年、月、日统计漓江流域多年平均年补水量,结合桂林市水功能区划要求和漓江流域上游生态需水量计算结果,提出了漓江流域上游生态需水量保障方案。
[Abstract]:The study of river ecological water demand is one of the important research topics in the field of ecological hydrology, and is also the focus of attention of scholars at home and abroad. Based on the hydrological and water quality conditions of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River, the basic elements of the river ecosystem and the ecological functions of the rivers, the ecological water demand of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin is preliminarily calculated, which can be used as the theoretical basis for the management of water resources in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin. Because the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in the upper reaches of Lijiang River is very uneven, and the ecological water demand is seldom considered in the allocation of water resources in the past, ecological water use is overrun by production and living water for a long time. In view of this, this paper studies the ecological water demand in the upper reaches of Lijiang River Basin. This paper analyzes the natural geographical environment and the main ecological environment problems in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin, summarizes the various methods for calculating ecological water demand, and analyzes the suitability, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. The calculation method suitable for the upper reaches of Lijiang River is selected. The main research contents and results are as follows: 1) selecting the monthly guarantee rate method to calculate the ecological water demand of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin. Due to the extremely uneven seasonal distribution of rainfall in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin and the great interannual variation of the runoff in the year, the monthly guarantee rate method has been improved. Finally, the "good" grade ecological water demand of 58.50 m3 / s (1.845 billion m3) was found to be suitable for the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin, and the minimum ecological water requirement was 17.25 m3 / s (544 million m3 / s) under the guarantee rate of 50%. The Tennant method was used to test the results and the cause of the error was analyzed. The sampling was used to analyze the NH _ 3-N of TNT _ (TPN) in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin and to calculate the ecological water requirement of each kind of pollutants. The analysis results show that the III water quality with NH _ 3-N content in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River basin is more serious than the standard, and the TN content in the urban area near Guilin is only up to the class V water quality. The ecological water requirements of TNT TPN COD3 N to meet the requirements of water function zoning in Guilin were calculated to be 60.72 m3 / s ~ (19.15) m ~ (3 / 3) / s ~ 39.98 m ~ (3 / 3) / s ~ (28) 30 m ~ (3 /) / s ~ (8.92) m ~ (3) ~ (37) 95 m ~ (3 /) / s ~ (11.97) m ~ (3) ~ (3) respectively. The water demand calculated by using 7Q10 method in the last 10 years is 30.23 m3 / s (953 million m3) and 24.89 m3 / s (785 million m3 / s), respectively. In order to protect the ecological environment, it is determined that the ecological water demand, which fully meets the water quality requirements, is 60.72 m3 / s 19.15m3.The basic ecological water demand for preventing pollution is 30.23 m3 / s (953 million m3 / s, 953 million m3 / s), and the quantity of water is required. In this paper, the optimum ecological water requirement of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River is 60.72 m3 / s 19.15m3N, and the minimum ecological water requirement is 17.25m3 / s (544 million m3 / s). In order to ensure the appropriate ecological water requirement in the upper reaches of the Lijiang River, the annual average annual water demand of the Lijiang River Basin is counted by year, month and day, and the results of the ecological water demand calculation of the upper reaches of the Lijiang River Basin are combined with the requirements of the water function regionalization in Guilin City. The ecological water demand guarantee scheme of the upper reaches of Lijiang River Basin is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：桂林理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X143

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