辐射接枝法改性聚醚砜超滤膜的研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:55

本文选题：聚醚砜 + 超滤膜　；参考：《华北水利水电大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的水资源不仅短缺,还面临着污染的问题,对群众的饮用水安全造成了威胁,尤其是基础设施落后、水质较差的农村地区。膜分离技术具有优良的性能,可以很好地对农村轻微污染水源和农业废水进行处理,改善水质,保护环境,值得大力推广应用。本文系统地阐述了影响聚醚砜超滤膜性能的因素,包括制膜环境、成膜组分、非成膜组分(溶剂和添加剂)、表面改性技术和膜的维护与保养。以聚醚砜(PES)为制膜材料,N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)为溶剂,并研究了不同种类和浓度的添加剂对聚醚砜超滤膜结构和性能的影响规律。发现添加剂为PVP时,聚醚砜超滤膜的过滤性能最好,且添加剂浓度选取6%比较合适。采用辐照接枝法进行改性,会引起聚醚砜的降解,从而影响到成膜性能。为了尽量减少降解对聚醚砜超滤膜结构和性能的影响,本文研究了不同的辐照条件对聚醚砜分子量、铸膜液旋转粘度和超滤膜过滤性能的影响,并选择10kGy、6h作为辐照接枝改性实验的辐照条件。聚醚砜超滤膜的接枝单体选择亲水性强的N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP),污染物选择牛血清蛋白溶液。并通过超滤膜的接触角、孔隙率、接触角、内部结构的扫描电镜图片和铸膜液旋转粘度等指标,对改性后的聚醚砜超滤膜的结构和性能进行分析和评价,发现改性后的聚醚砜超滤膜的亲水性增强,内部结构变化不大,在截留率几乎不变、通量略微有所下降的同时,抗污染能力大幅提高。改善聚醚砜超滤膜的抗污染能力,可以延长膜的使用寿命,减少使用成本,制备性能更加优良的超滤膜,更好地改善污染水的水质,保障农村群众的饮水安全。
[Abstract]:Water resources in China are not only short of water, but also face the problem of pollution, which poses a threat to the safety of drinking water for the masses, especially in the rural areas where the infrastructure is backward and the water quality is poor. Membrane separation technology has excellent performance and can be used to treat rural water sources and agricultural wastewater, improve water quality and protect environment. It is worth popularizing and applying. The factors affecting the performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane are systematically described in this paper, including the preparation environment, film forming components, non-film forming components (solvents and additives), surface modification technology, and the maintenance and maintenance of membranes. Polyethersulfone (PES) was used as the membrane material, and the influence of additives on the structure and properties of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane was studied. It was found that the polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane had the best filtration performance when the additive was PVP, and 6% additive concentration was suitable. The degradation of polyethersulfone (PES) was induced by irradiation grafting method, which affected the film forming performance. In order to minimize the effect of degradation on the structure and properties of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane, the effects of different irradiation conditions on molecular weight of polyethersulfone, rotational viscosity of casting solution and filtration performance of ultrafiltration membrane were studied. At the same time, 10 kGy 6 h was chosen as the irradiation condition of the grafting modification experiment. The graft monomer of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane was composed of N- vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and bovine serum protein (BSA). The structure and properties of modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane were analyzed and evaluated by the contact angle, porosity, contact angle, SEM picture of internal structure and rotational viscosity of casting solution. It was found that the hydrophilicity of the modified polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane was enhanced, the internal structure was not changed, the retention rate was almost unchanged, the flux was slightly decreased, and the anti-pollution ability was greatly improved. Improving the antifouling ability of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane can prolong the service life of membrane, reduce the use cost, prepare ultrafiltration membrane with better performance, improve the water quality of polluted water and ensure the drinking water safety of rural people.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X52;X703

【相似文献】