汞污染对葡萄-土壤系统相关指标的影响

发布时间：2018-05-23 21:36

本文选题：环境学 + 汞　；参考：《安全与环境学报》2016年06期

【摘要】：以葡萄果树为研究对象,采用盆栽试验研究了不同剂量Hg对葡萄各生育期株长和直径、果实Hg含量及土壤酶活性的综合影响。结果表明,在低Hg污染时,葡萄株长和直径与对照相比差异均不显著(p0.05),且葡萄果实Hg质量比符合国家食品限量标准,在开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期土壤碱性磷酸酶活性分别比对照增加了3.72%、6.24%和3.40%;过氧化氢酶活性在开花期增加不显著,幼果生长期和成熟期分别增加了2.62%和5.46%;蔗糖酶活性在开花期增加了2.33%,在幼果生长期和成熟期有轻微下降;而脲酶活性在开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期分别降低了21.07%、12.22%和5.55%。在高Hg污染时,葡萄株长和直径均显著低于对照和低汞污染处理(p0.05),且葡萄果实Hg质量比已超过标准。土壤高Hg污染对葡萄开花期、幼果生长期和成熟期的4种土壤酶活性均产生了显著的抑制作用,其中,土壤过氧化氢酶活性比对照降低5.65%~19.30%,碱性磷酸酶活性降低24.43%~38.10%,蔗糖酶活性下降27.21%~31.81%,脲酶活性减少66.46%~82.52%。综合上述指标的影响可以看出,在农田土壤Hg轻度污染区(1.86 mg/kg)脲酶和蔗糖酶活性略受影响,且均低于土壤重金属修复基准规定的土壤酶活性抑制率限值25%,其他指标均表现良好,因此,在农田土壤轻度Hg污染区选择低吸收的葡萄果树代替易富集的其他作物类型是可行的。
[Abstract]:A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different doses of Hg on plant length and diameter, fruit Hg content and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that there was no significant difference in plant length and diameter between grape and control under low Hg pollution, and the Hg ratio of grape fruit was in accordance with the national food limit standard. The activities of alkaline phosphatase in young fruits were increased by 3.722.24% and 3.40%, respectively, and the activities of catalase were not significantly increased in anthesis. The activity of sucrase increased by 2.33% in anthesis and decreased slightly in the period of young fruit growth and maturation, while the activity of urease decreased by 21.07% and 5.55% in flowering stage, young fruit growth stage and mature stage respectively, and sucrase activity increased by 2.33% and 5.55% in flowering stage and ripening stage, respectively, while urease activity decreased by 21.07% and 5.55% in flowering stage, young fruit growth stage and mature stage respectively. Under the condition of high Hg pollution, the plant length and diameter of grape were significantly lower than that of control and low mercury pollution treatments, and the Hg ratio of grape fruit exceeded the standard. Soil high Hg pollution significantly inhibited the activities of four kinds of soil enzymes at flowering stage, young fruit growth stage and ripening stage, among which, The activity of catalase in soil was decreased by 5.65 and 19.30, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased by 24.43, the activity of sucrase was decreased by 27.21 and 31.81, and the activity of urease was decreased by 66.46 and 82.52. According to the above indexes, the urease and sucrase activities were slightly affected in the soil Hg lightly polluted area, and the inhibition rate of soil enzyme activity was lower than the limit value of 25 specified in the soil heavy metal remediation benchmark, and the other indexes performed well. Therefore, it is feasible to select low absorption grape fruit trees instead of other types of crops that are easy to be enriched in the mildly polluted area of farmland soil.
【作者单位】：河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B02) 河北省教育厅项目(ZD20131013,ZH2012034)
【分类号】：S663.1;X53

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