量子点荧光纳米探针用于水中氟及重金属检测的研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 20:15

本文选题：量子点 + 氟离子检测　；参考：《安徽大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：氟元素在自然界中分布广泛且与人体的身心健康密切相关。我国的地下水中氟超标污染地区主要分布在华北、东北、西北以及偏远农村地区,该地区的地理环境比较复杂,而地下水作为人们日常饮用水的重要来源之一,如果水中的氟离子超标严重,必然会危害人们的身体健康,进而影响生活质量。因此,发展一种能够准确检测水中氟离子含量的新方法显得尤为重要。然而,随着现代社会工业水平的高速发展,重金属污染的问题也越来越严重。由于重金属离子很难在自然界中自然降解,而且还会在生物体中发生富集作用,进而引发各种疾病和痛苦,对人们的生命健康存在潜在的威胁。近年来的研究发现,荧光量子点(QDs)这种新兴的无机发光材料,以其具有的独特结构和光学性能,已成为水环境光学检测方面的研究热点。通过水相合成方法制备的量子点,方法简单、绿色且廉价,合成的量子点水溶性较好,已成为材料科学研究的前沿热点领域。本研究通过设计制备了新颖的量子点荧光纳米探针,并将其应用于水中氟离子和重金属离子的检测,取得了快速、灵敏、准确的检测效果。主要研究内容如下：(1)设计制备了量子点荧光纳米探针：CdTe QDs/AgNPs荧光纳米探针,即一种新的用于水中氟离子检测的探针。将水相合成的CdTe量子点和水热法合成AgNPs相结合制备得到。将其用于水中氟离子的检测,根据实验结果显示,CdTe QDs/AgNPs荧光纳米探针能够快速、有选择性的检测出水中的氟离子,大约需要五分钟的时间就能检测出水中的氟离子含量。本文首次选用银纳米颗粒和荧光量子点相结合,这是一种新型的荧光纳米探针,对水中氟离子的检测具有重要的意义。(2)选用制备的具有亲水性质的磁性纳米颗粒氧化铁(MION)和量子点(QDs)相结合,成功制备了CdTe QDs/MION荧光纳米探针,这是一种新的磁性可回收的用于水中氟离子检测的灵敏探针。具有亲水性质的磁性纳米颗粒氧化铁的合成使其用于水中氟离子检测成为可能,其和量子点结合制备CdTe QDs/MON荧光纳米探针。这种荧光纳米探针在水中的稳定性很好,将其用于水中氟离子的检测,实验结果显示,CdTe QDs/MION荧光纳米探针能够快速、准确的检测出水中的氟离子,而且有利于用磁铁回收。这种新型的磁性荧光纳米光学探针,在水中氟离子检测中会逐步引起更多的关注。(3)通过水相合成法制备的CdTe量子点,作为荧光纳米探针用于水中三价铁离子的检测。实验结果显示,向CdTe量子点溶液中加入Fe3+溶液,CdTe量子点的荧光强度明显下降,所以,可以选用制备的CdTe量子点用于水中Fe3+的分析检测。
[Abstract]:Fluorine is widely distributed in nature and is closely related to the physical and mental health of human body. The fluorine excess pollution areas in groundwater in China are mainly distributed in North China, Northeast, Northwest and remote rural areas. The geographical environment in this area is quite complex, and groundwater is one of the important sources of drinking water for people. If the fluoride ion in water exceeds the standard seriously, it will endanger people's health and affect the quality of life. Therefore, it is very important to develop a new method for the accurate detection of fluoride in water. However, with the rapid development of industrial level in modern society, the problem of heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious. It is difficult for heavy metal ions to degrade naturally in nature, but also to enrich in organisms, which can lead to various diseases and suffering, and there is a potential threat to people's life and health. In recent years, it has been found that fluorescent quantum dot (QDs), a new inorganic luminescent material, has become a hot spot in the field of optical detection of water environment because of its unique structure and optical properties. The QDs prepared by aqueous phase synthesis method are simple, green and cheap, and the synthesized QDs have good water solubility, which has become a hot research field in material science. In this study, a novel quantum dot fluorescent nanoprobe was designed and applied to the detection of fluorine ions and heavy metal ions in water, and a rapid, sensitive and accurate detection effect was obtained. The main contents of this study are as follows: (1) Quantum dot fluorescent nanowire probe: CdTe QDs/AgNPs, a novel fluorescent nanoprobe for fluorine ion detection in water, has been designed and fabricated. The CdTe quantum dots synthesized in aqueous phase and AgNPs synthesized by hydrothermal method were prepared. According to the experimental results, the fluorine ion in water can be detected quickly and selectively by using the QDs/AgNPs fluorescent nanoprobe. It takes about five minutes to detect the fluorine content in the water. In this paper, silver nanoparticles and fluorescent quantum dots are used for the first time, which is a new type of fluorescent nanowire probe. It is of great significance to detect fluorine ions in water. (2) the hydrophilic magnetic nanocrystalline ferric oxide (mion) and quantum dots (QDs) were used to prepare CdTe QDs/MION fluorescent nanoprobes successfully. This is a new magnetic recoverable sensitive probe for the detection of fluorine ions in water. The synthesis of magnetic nanocrystalline ferric oxide with hydrophilic properties makes it possible to detect fluorine ions in water. It combines with quantum dots to prepare CdTe QDs/MON fluorescent nanoprobes. This kind of fluorescent nanoprobe has good stability in water and is used to detect fluorine ions in water. The experimental results show that the fluorescent nanoprobe can detect fluoride ion in water quickly and accurately, and it is beneficial to the recovery of fluorine ions with magnets. The novel magnetic fluorescent nano-optical probe will gradually attract more attention in the detection of fluorine ions in water. The CdTe quantum dots prepared by aqueous phase synthesis method can be used as fluorescent nanoprobes for the detection of trivalent iron ions in water. The experimental results show that the fluorescence intensity of CdTe quantum dots with Fe3 solution is obviously decreased. Therefore, the CdTe quantum dots can be used for the analysis and detection of Fe3 in water.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X832

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