好氧颗粒污泥技术处理高氨氮废水研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 21:15

本文选题：好氧颗粒污泥 + 硝化作用　；参考：《东北农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于水体富营养化问题日益突出和排水标准的不断提高,使得污水脱氮问题成为水污染防治中较为广泛关注的热点。因传统的生物脱氮技术在处理高浓度氨氮废水时存在效率较低、效果差等问题,为此发展经济、高效的新型脱氮技术具有重要的现实意义。由于好氧颗粒污泥具有良好的沉降性能、抗冲击负荷能力强、生物固体停留时间长和生物量大的特点,因此是一种十分有前景的污水处理技术。本研究通过培养能够高效处理高浓度氨氮废水的好氧颗粒污泥,对其胞外聚合物(EPS)以及影响好氧颗粒污泥去除氨氮的关键参数进行了研究,以期为利用好氧颗粒污泥技术处理高浓度氨氮废水的实际应用提供参考。在SBR反应器运行90 d后得到呈球形或椭球形、深褐色的能同步去除有机物和高浓度氨氮的好氧颗粒污泥,对COD和NH4+-N的平均去除率分别为91.51%和97.94%,出水中NO2--N积累率为75.56%,因此系统发生短程硝化过程,污泥沉降性能良好,颗粒形成后稳定运行的反应器内污泥浓度稳定保持在6000 mg/L左右。成熟的好氧颗粒污泥表面存在大量的杆菌和球菌,为好氧颗粒污泥的高效处理奠定基础。曝气时间、曝气量、排水比和进水氨氮浓度对污染物去除效果有较大的影响。随着曝气时间的延长,NH4+-N浓度呈现下降趋势,到120 min基本反应完全,NH4+-N浓度从134.94mg/L降低至2 mg/L以下,然而COD浓度呈现先快速下降再缓慢下降的趋势,最后在180 min下降到5.46 mg/L以下。随着曝气量的增加,NH4+-N和COD的去除效果均表现为先升高后趋于稳定的趋势,当曝气量不低于150 L/h时,好氧颗粒污泥对污染物的去除效果较好,NH4+-N和COD的平均去除率分别为99.43%和92.91%;随着排水比的增加,NH4+-N和COD的去除效果呈现下降趋势,当排水比为50%时,NH4+-N和COD的去除效果最好,平均去除率分别为97.65%和94.74%;随着进水NH4+-N浓度的升高,NH4+-N和COD的去除效果呈下降趋势,在进水NH4+-N浓度低于500 mg/L时,氨氮的去除一直保持在较高的水平,平均去除率均可达94%以上,而COD的去除率始终在91%以上。在稳定运行条件下,好氧颗粒污泥EPS、PN、PS和PN/PS分别为594.22~825.79 mg/L、443.50~666.37 mg/L、127.54~159.42 mg/L和3~5,且在总EPS和TB-EPS中,PNPS,而在LB-EPS中,PSPN。EPS的存在对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定起着非常重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasingly prominent eutrophication problem and the continuous improvement of drainage standards, nitrogen removal from sewage has become a hot spot in water pollution prevention and control. Because the traditional biological nitrogen removal technology has some problems such as low efficiency and poor effect in the treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, it is of great practical significance to develop an economical and efficient new denitrification technology. Aerobic granular sludge is a promising wastewater treatment technology due to its good settling performance, strong impact resistance, long residence time of biological solids and large biomass. In this study, aerobic granular sludge which can efficiently treat high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater was cultured. The extracellular polymer EPSs and the key parameters affecting the removal of ammonia nitrogen from aerobic granular sludge were studied. In order to provide a reference for the practical application of aerobic granular sludge technology in the treatment of high concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater. After 90 days of operation in SBR reactor, aerobic granular sludge with spherical or ellipsoid shape and dark brown can simultaneously remove organic matter and high concentration of ammonia nitrogen was obtained. The average removal rates of COD and NH4 -N were 91.51% and 97.94%, respectively, and the accumulation rate of NO2--N in the effluent was 75.56%, so the short-cut nitrification process took place in the system, the sludge settling performance was good, and the sludge concentration in the reactor that operated stably after granulation was kept stable at about 6000 mg/L. A large number of bacteria and cocci were found on the surface of mature aerobic granular sludge, which laid the foundation for the efficient treatment of aerobic granular sludge. Aeration time, aeration rate, drainage ratio and influent ammonia nitrogen concentration have great influence on pollutant removal. With the extension of aeration time, NH _ 4-N concentration decreased from 134.94mg/L to less than 2 mg/L. However, the concentration of COD decreased rapidly first and then slowly, and finally decreased below 5.46 mg/L at 180 min. With the increase of aeration rate, the removal efficiency of NH _ 4-N and COD increased first and then tended to be stable, when the aeration rate was not less than 150L / h, The average removal rates of NH _ 4-N and COD were 99.43% and 92.91, respectively. With the increase of drainage ratio, the removal efficiency of NH _ 4-N and COD showed a downward trend, and the removal efficiency of NH _ 4-N and COD was the best when the drainage ratio was 50, and the average removal efficiency of NH _ 4-N and COD were 99.43% and 92.91, respectively, when the drainage ratio was 50, the average removal efficiency of NH _ 4-N and COD was 99.43% and 92.91, respectively. The average removal rates were 97.65% and 94.74%, respectively, and the removal efficiency of NH4-N and COD decreased with the increase of influent NH4 -N concentration. When the influent NH4 -N concentration was lower than 500 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate remained at a higher level. The average removal rate was over 94%, while the removal rate of COD was always above 91%. Under the condition of stable operation, the PN/PS and PS of aerobic granular sludge were 594.22 ~ 825.79 mg / L ~ (44) 3.50 ~ 666.37 mg / L ~ (-1) 127.54 ~ 159.42 mg/L and 3 ~ 5 mg / L, respectively, and the presence of PSPN.EPS in LB-EPS played a very important role in the stabilization of aerobic granular sludge.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703.1

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