北京采暖期典型区域环境空气污染特征分析

发布时间：2018-05-30 08:00

本文选题：北京 + 采暖期　；参考：《生态环境学报》2016年11期

【摘要】：北京采暖期空气污染较非采暖期严重得多,但目前针对采暖期北京城市上风向、下风向、中心区和主干道路等典型人类活动区域的主要污染物浓度特征及其受气象条件变化影响的研究还比较缺乏,为了摸清北京市采暖期不同典型区域大气污染特征,更有针对性地制定环境空气污染防治对策,利用2014年采暖期首月(11月15日—12月14日)北京市北郊(八达岭)、南郊(永乐店)、城市中心区(天坛)、城市交通干道(永定门内大街)等典型区域的PM_(2.5)、SO_2、NO_x、O_3质量浓度监测数据和气象数据,分析4类代表性区域的环境空气污染特征和时空变化情况。结果表明,PM_(2.5)是各区域冬季主要污染物,日均质量浓度在61.75~143.81μg?m-3,总体空间分布状况为南郊最严重、城市交通干道和城市中心区次之、北郊的PM_(2.5)污染最轻,除北郊外其余监测点ρ(PM_(2.5))均超过二级标准限值。各区域的主要污染物略有不同,其中北郊ρ(SO_2)较其他区域高,白天12:00时最低(29.09μg?m-3),夜晚18:00—次日01:00持续居高(58.8~63.19μg?m-3),这与燃煤采暖等人类活动规律一致;南郊以PM_(2.5)、NO_x混合型污染为主;城市交通干道附近ρ(NO_x)和ρ(O_3)较高,表明局地光化学反应NO_x-O_3生消机制作用明显,污染物浓度变化与人类出行时间一致。气象条件对不同污染物浓度的影响存在差异,微风无持续风向、大气扩散条件较差时,PM_(2.5)呈现不断累积状态,SO_2、NO_x和O_3累积效应不明显,但其单日质量浓度峰值显著增加;北风和微风反复交替、大气扩散条件总体较好时,各监测点的SO_2、NO_x受地区性污染源排放影响波动不大,随扩散条件转差南郊ρ(PM_(2.5))会迅速增加。城市交通干道机动车排放典型污染物ρ(NO_x)及其二次污染物ρ(O_3)随着气象条件变化其峰值在日内变化显著。
[Abstract]:The air pollution during heating period in Beijing is much more serious than that in non-heating period, but at present, in view of wind direction up and down wind direction in Beijing city during heating period, In order to find out the characteristics of air pollution in different typical regions during heating period in Beijing, the study on the main pollutant concentration characteristics and their effects on meteorological conditions in typical human activity areas, such as central area and trunk road, is still lacking. To formulate more targeted measures for the prevention and control of environmental air pollution, In this paper, we use the mass concentration of PMP2.5C / SO2NOxSHAO3 in typical areas of Beijing in the first month of the heating period 2014 (November 15-December 14) in the northern suburb of Beijing (Badaling County), the southern suburb (Yongle Dianjiao), the central city (Temple of Heaven), the urban traffic trunk road (Yongdingmen inner street), and so on. Monitoring data and meteorological data, The environmental air pollution characteristics and temporal and spatial variations of the four representative regions were analyzed. The results showed that the average daily mass concentration of the main pollutant in winter was 61.75 ~ 143.81 渭 g / m ~ (-3). The spatial distribution was the most serious in the southern suburb, followed by the urban traffic trunk road and the urban central district, and the pollution was the least in the northern suburb. All the monitoring sites except in the northern suburb are above the second class standard limit. The main pollutants in each region are slightly different, among which 蟻 _ (2) in the northern suburb is higher than that in other regions, with a minimum of 29.09 渭 g / m ~ (-3) at 12:00 in the daytime, and 58.8m ~ (-3) 渭 g 路m ~ (-3) at 1800-01:00, which is consistent with the rules of human activities such as coal burning, heating, etc. The results show that the mechanism of local photochemical reaction (NO_x-O_3) is obvious, and the change of pollutant concentration is consistent with human travel time. The influence of meteorological conditions on the concentration of different pollutants is different. There is no sustained wind direction in the breeze, and when the atmospheric diffusion condition is poor, the PMSP / T _ (2.5) presents a continuous cumulative state. The cumulative effects of so _ 2O _ (2) O _ (3) and O _ (3) are not obvious, but the peak value of single day mass concentration increases significantly. When the north wind and breeze are alternated repeatedly and the atmospheric diffusion conditions are generally good, so _ 2no _ x of the monitoring points does not fluctuate as a result of regional pollution source emissions, but increases rapidly with the variation of diffusion conditions in the southern suburb of 蟻 ~ (2. 5). With the change of meteorological conditions, the peak value of motor vehicle emission from urban traffic trunk roads is significantly different in the day with the change of meteorological conditions.
【作者单位】：交通运输部科学研究院;长安大学环境科学与工程学院;
【基金】：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20150602;20160609) 陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2012KTZB03-01-01)
【分类号】：X51

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