马缨丹对镉、铅的耐性机理及富集特征研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 00:12

本文选题：马缨丹 + 镉　；参考：《四川农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：金属矿区及其周边的土壤镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)污染已经成为影响环境和威胁人类健康的严重问题。通过寻找或者培育生物量大、生长迅速的富集或者超富集植物对污染环境治理和生态环境修复具有重要意义。本文选取四川省汉源县富泉铅锌矿区的马缨丹(Lantana camara L.)为试验材料,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同浓度Cd、Pb处理下,马缨丹对重金属Cd、Pb的耐性机理和富集特征,探讨马缨丹对Cd、Pb污染的潜力和机理。主要研究结果如下：(1) 30～60 mg·kg-1 Cd处理促进了马缨丹植株的生长,而Cd浓度大于90 mg·kg-1时,则抑制了马缨丹的生长；随着Cd处理浓度的增加,马缨丹叶片净光合速率呈先升高后降低的变化规律；低浓度Cd处理能够提高抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性,清除体内过量氧自由基,避免活性氧浓度过高伤害植物。表明马缨丹是一种对Cd具有一定耐性的植物,其抗氧化系统对活性氧的清除可能是马缨丹耐受Cd胁迫的重要机理。(2)随着Cd处理浓度的增加,马缨丹地下部和地上部Cd含量和富集量呈升高的变化趋势,地下部和地上部Cd含量最大值分别可达158.5 mg·kg-1和119.4 mg·kg-1,富集量最大值分别可达138.6 μg·planf-1和1148.5 μg·planf-1; Cd在根、茎和叶细胞壁中的比例分别占23.8%～34.4%、37.0%～43.3%和28.7%～39.8%,且随着镉处理浓度的增加,均呈增加的变化趋势,在可溶性组分中的比例最高,分别占62.1%～54.2%、56.2%～45.2%和59.8%～52.6%,而在细胞膜和细胞器中的比例最低；马缨丹生长改变了土壤中Cd的形态分布和土壤酶活性,Cd处理下,马缨丹根际土壤酶活性和Cd含量均高于非根际土壤,根际环境的变化促进了Cd的活化。表明马缨丹对Cd具有一定的富集能力,其对Cd的液泡区隔化、细胞壁固持、根际环境效应可能是马缨丹富集Cd的重要原因。(3) 100 mg·kg-1 Pb处理促进了马缨丹植株的生长,而Pb浓度大于600 mg·kg-1时,则抑制了马缨丹的生长；随着Pb处理浓度的增加,马缨丹叶片净光合速率呈先升高后降低的变化规律；低浓度Pb处理能够提高抗氧化酶SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性,清除体内过量氧自由基,避免活性氧浓度过高伤害植物。表明马缨丹是一种对Pb具有一定耐性的植物,其抗氧化系统对活性氧的清除可能是马缨丹耐受Pb胁迫的重要机理。(4)随着Pb处理浓度的增加,马缨丹地下部和地上部Pb含量和富集量呈升高的变化趋势,地下部和地上部Pb含量最大值分别可达264.6 mg·kg-1和611.9 mg·kg-1,富集量最大值分别可达474.9 μg·plant-1和6163.0 μg·plant-1; Pb在根、茎和叶细胞壁中的比例分别占33.0%～39.2%、24.4%～38.3%和19.4%～39.4%,且随Pb处理浓度的增加,均呈增加的变化趋势,在可溶性组分中的比例最高,分别占52.9%～41.5%、56.8%～39.8%和48.8%～39.1%,而在细胞膜和细胞器中的比例最低；马缨丹生长改变了土壤中Pb的形态分布和土壤酶活性,Pb处理下,马缨丹根际土壤酶活性和Pb含量均高于非根际土壤,根际环境的变化促进了Pb的活化。表明马缨丹对Pb具有一定的富集能力,其对Pb的液泡区隔化、细胞壁固持、根际环境效应可能是马缨丹富集Pb的重要原因。综上所述,马缨丹对Cd、Pb具有一定耐性和富集能力,是一种较为理想的Cd修复植物和潜在Pb修复植物,且马缨丹花期长,观赏性强,地上部生物量大,在植物修复中具有广阔的应用潜力。
[Abstract]:Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollution in the metal mining area and its surrounding soil have become a serious problem affecting the environment and threatening human health. By looking for or cultivating the large biomass, the fast growing or hyperaccumulating plants are of great significance to the pollution control and ecological restoration of the environment. This paper selects the Fuquan lead and zinc in Hanyuan County, Sichuan province. Lantana camara L. in the mining area was used as a test material. The pot experiment was used to study the resistance mechanism and enrichment characteristics of Lantana Lantana to Cd and Pb under different concentrations of Cd and Pb, and to explore the potential and mechanism of Pb pollution to Cd and Pb. The main results were as follows: (1) 30~60 mg. Kg-1 Cd treatment promoted the plant growth of Lantana Lantana. When the concentration of Cd was greater than 90 mg. Kg-1, it inhibited the growth of Lantana Lantana. With the increase of Cd treatment concentration, the net photosynthetic rate of Lantana Lantana increased first and then decreased, and the low concentration Cd treatment could improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, APX and CAT, and remove the excess oxygen free radicals in the body, and avoid excessive concentration of reactive oxygen species. Plants. It shows that Lantana Lantana is a plant with certain tolerance to Cd. Its antioxidant system is an important mechanism for resisting Cd stress in Lantana. (2) with the increase of Cd concentration, the content and enrichment of Cd in the underground and upper part of Lantana Lantana are increasing, and the maximum value of Cd in the underground and the upper part of the ground is the maximum. The maximum concentration of 158.5 mg. Kg-1 and 119.4 mg. Kg-1 were up to 138.6 mu g. Planf-1 and 1148.5 G. Planf-1 respectively. The proportion of Cd in root, stem and leaf cell wall accounted for 23.8% to 34.4%, 37% to 43.3% and 28.7% to 39.8%, respectively, and increased with the increase of cadmium concentration, and the ratio in the soluble component The highest proportion was 62.1% to 54.2%, 56.2% to 45.2% and 59.8% to 52.6% respectively, while the proportion in cell membrane and organelle was the lowest, and the growth of Lantana Lantana changed the distribution of Cd in soil and the activity of soil enzyme. Under Cd treatment, the activity of enzyme and the content of Cd in the rhizosphere soil of Lantana Lantana were higher than those in the non rhizosphere soil, and the change of the rhizosphere environment promoted the activation of Cd. The results showed that Lantana Lantana had a certain enrichment ability to Cd, its vacuolation of Cd vacuoles, cell wall fixation and the effect of rhizosphere environmental effects may be important reasons for the enrichment of Cd in Lantana. (3) 100 mg. Kg-1 Pb treatment promoted the growth of Lantana Lantana plant, while Pb concentration was greater than 600 mg. Kg-1, it inhibited the growth of Lantana Lantana; with Pb treatment concentration. The net photosynthetic rate of Lantana Lantana leaves increased first and then decreased, and the low concentration Pb treatment could improve the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD, POD, APX and CAT, clear the excess oxygen free radicals in the body, and avoid the excessive concentration of reactive oxygen species in plants. It shows that Lantana is a plant with certain tolerance to Pb, and its antioxidant system is active The removal of oxygen may be an important mechanism of tolerance to Pb stress in Lantana. (4) with the increase of Pb concentration, the content and enrichment of Pb in the underground and upper part of Lantana Lantana increased, and the maximum Pb content in the underground and upper part of the ground can reach 264.6 mg. Kg-1 and 611.9 mg. Kg-1 respectively. The maximum value of the enrichment can be reached to 474.9 u g. Plant-1 respectively. And 6163 mu g. Plant-1; the proportion of Pb in root, stem and leaf cell wall accounted for 33% to 39.2%, 24.4% ~ 38.3% and 19.4% to 39.4%, and increased with the increase of Pb concentration. The proportion in soluble components was the highest, which accounted for 52.9% to 41.5%, 56.8% ~ 39.8% and 48.8% ~ 39.1%, and in cell membrane and organelles. The growth of Lantana Lantana changed the distribution of Pb and the activity of soil enzyme in the soil. Under Pb treatment, the enzyme activity and Pb content in the rhizosphere soil of Lantana Lantana were higher than that of non rhizosphere soil, and the changes in the rhizosphere environment promoted the activation of Pb. It showed that Lantana Lantana had a certain enrichment capacity to Pb, and its vacuolation, cell wall fixation and root of Pb. The environmental effect may be an important reason for the enrichment of Pb in Lantana Lantana. To sum up, Lantana Lantana has a certain tolerance and enrichment ability to Cd and Pb. It is an ideal plant for Cd repair and potential Pb repair plant, and Lantana Lantana has long flowering period, strong ornamental and large aboveground biomass, and has broad application potential in plant restoration.
【学位授予单位】：四川农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X173

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