控制面源污染的分流制雨水调蓄池优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 06:01

本文选题：控制面源污染 + 调蓄池　；参考：《太原理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：时至今日,降雨初期所形成的面源污染在污染物排放重量中所占比重越来越高,控制面源污染已经刻不容缓。在众多控制面源污染的工程措施中,雨水调蓄池作为系统末端的关键设施其重要性不言而喻。现行的控污雨水调蓄池设计公式中参数的选取主要依赖经验,无法依照当地实际情况进行优化设计。寻找方便、准确的控污调蓄池设计方法是非常有必要的。本研究在前人研究基础上,对现行经验计算公式进行改良研究,并尝试建立控污雨水调蓄池优化设计技术框架体系,使研究人员可以更加全面的对分流制下雨水调蓄池的系统设计进行综合的优化设计和决策。主要包括以下结论： (1)基于现行的降雨量估算调蓄池容积的计算公式基础上,结合其他研究人员验证的降雨量-径流系数、降雨量-径流污染物浓度关系函数,构建了以既定污染物削减率及当地下垫面实际参数为基础的面源污染控制分流制雨水调蓄池计算公式其中:k'、A、B、C参数可参考本研究所提规程,经当地实验确定。 (2)在设定参数条件的基础上,考察五种代表性下垫面对调蓄池设计池容的影响。在汇水面积及污染物削减率相同条件下,所需池容大小依次为：SBS不透水砖水泥路面草地透水砖,下垫面的透水性和含滞能力有利于减少控污所需池容。 (3)通过对比水泥和草地两种下垫面上削减率增长相同幅度时的池容增长规律发现,草地下垫面上削减率从70%提升到80%较20%提升到30%所增加的池容比例比水泥下垫面上更大。这可能是由于含滞能力更强的下垫面在削减过程后期其含滞能力有所下降导致。 (4)新建工程中,调蓄池下游污水管线应以污水和排空雨水总量设计,并以污水流量按照非满流进行校核,校核流速应不低于该管径最小流速。工程设计时可借助流量比、速度比与充满度水力关系图进行快速手工求解。调蓄池最长放空模式可利用1440min设计雨型进行分析,其排空时长不应长于两个间隔降雨时段开始阶段,连续累积降深初次达到调蓄池收纳雨量的时刻之间的间隔,最长不应长于12h；最短应保证旱流污水校核流速要求。改造工程水泵的流量设定应以下游管线的最大通行能力进行核算,校核计算方法可采用 (5)以山西省西部XXX县新城94.35ha区域进行控污调蓄池设计案例研究,采用本研究提出的优化计算方法,进行两方案设计,并采用以投资环境效益比为目标函数的优化决策方法确定集中设置调蓄池为优选方案。在面源污染削减率为50%的前提下,该区域需要建设池容为2600m3分流制调蓄池1座,工程投资约283万,以SS为目标污染物,削减效益约为1347元/吨。（6）采用投资环境效益比作为参考，对污染物削减率提升的投资效益进行考察发现，当削减率从50%提升至70%，，其投资环境效益比的增幅较30%提升至50%时下降了47.54%。采用提升末端控污设施容积来进一步提升控污率的方法其经济性需进一步考量。（7）采用正交实验方法对污染物削减率、下垫面种类以及服务区域面积三个因素对于池体容积的影响程度进行分析。案例条件下，三因素中对于设计池容大小的影响程度为：污染物削减率下垫面种类服务区域面积。考虑到实际工作中，服务汇水面积受到雨水管网敷设的限制无法变动，合理的设定区域污染物削减率将对工程的整体造价影响更为显著，而采用对上游进行下垫面改造的方法更适用于控污工程运行后的改造。（8）建立了以投资环境效益比为优化目标函数，以工程基建投资、运行费用、折旧费用、污染物削减总量为变量的单目标四维最优化体系，并提出以此作为控制面源污染系统工程的优化决策方法。（9）针对所研究计算方法，提出配套的实际参数试验确定技术规程、下游管道及污水处理设施的核算和设计要求、地区面源污染削减比确定、建成调蓄设施运行后评估原则等技术方法，并确定以投资环境效益比为优化目标参数的优化决策体系。以这些内容形成完整的控制面源污染分流制雨水调蓄池计算的技术框架体系。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the proportion of non-point source pollution in the initial stage of rainfall is becoming higher and higher, and it is very urgent to control the surface source pollution. In the engineering measures for controlling the source pollution, the importance of the rainwater storage pool as the key facility of the end of the system is very important. The selection of the medium parameters mainly depends on the experience and can not be optimized according to the local actual conditions. It is very necessary to find a convenient and accurate design method of the pollution control and storage pool.
On the basis of previous research, this research improves the current empirical formula, and tries to establish a technical framework system for the optimization design of the control water storage pool, so that the researchers can make a comprehensive optimization design and decision for the system design of the shunting water storage pool. The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) based on the current calculation formula of the volume of the storage tank for rainfall estimation, combined with the rainfall runoff coefficient and the relationship function of the rainfall runoff pollutant concentration verified by other researchers, the calculation of the rainwater storage pool based on the reduction rate of the established pollutants and the actual parameters of the ground surface as the basis of the actual parameters of the ground surface is constructed. formula
Among them, K', A, B and C parameters can be referred to the regulations mentioned in this study and determined by local experiments.
(2) on the basis of setting parameter conditions, the influence of the five representative cushions on the design pool capacity of the storage pool is investigated. Under the same condition of the water confluence area and the reduction rate of pollutants, the size of the pool is in turn: the permeable brick of the SBS unpermeable brick cement pavement, and the water permeability and the hysteresis of the underlying surface are beneficial to reduce the capacity of the pool for controlling pollution.
(3) it is found that the rate of reduction from 70% to 80% to 30% is higher than that in the cement underlay by comparing the growth rate of the cement and grassland on the two underlying surface, which is increased from 70% to 30%, which may be due to the lag of the lower hysteresis of the underlying surface in the later period of the reduction. There is a decline in ability.
(4) in the new project, the downstream sewage pipeline should be designed with the total amount of sewage and emptying water, and check the flow rate according to the non full flow. The checking flow rate should not be less than the minimum flow velocity of the pipe diameter. In the engineering design, the flow ratio, velocity ratio and the full hydraulic flow diagram can be solved quickly and manually. The longest Fang Kongmo in the storage pool The type of rain type can be analyzed by 1440min design. The length of emptying should not be longer than the beginning of two interval rainfall periods, and the continuous cumulative depth can first reach the interval between the time of rainfall in the storage tank, and the longest should not be longer than that of 12h.
The setting of the flow rate of the pump should be calculated according to the maximum capacity of the following pipeline, and the calculation method can be used.
(5) taking the design case study of the sewage control and storage tank in the 94.35ha area of the new town of XXX County in the west of Shanxi Province, the optimization calculation method proposed in this study was adopted, and the two scheme was designed, and the centralized storage pool was selected as the optimal scheme by the optimization decision method of the investment environmental benefit ratio as the objective function. The reduction rate of the source pollution was 50%. It is necessary to build a pool capacity of 1 reservoirs for the 2600m3 diversion system, with a project investment of about 2 million 830 thousand and a target pollutant of SS, with a reduction of about 1347 yuan / ton.
(6) the investment environmental benefit ratio is used as a reference to investigate the investment benefit of the increase in the reduction rate of pollutants. When the reduction rate is raised from 50% to 70%, the increase of the investment environmental benefit ratio is increased to 50% from 30% to 50%, and 47.54%. adopts the method of upgrading the terminal pollution control facilities to further improve the pollution control rate. Take a step.
(7) the influence degree of the pollutant reduction rate, the underlying surface type and the area of the service area three factors on the volume of the pool body is analyzed by orthogonal experimental method. Under the case conditions, the degree of influence of the three factors on the size of the design pool is: the area of the type of service area under the reduction rate of the pollutants. The area of the water supply area can not be changed by the limitation of the laying of the rainwater pipe network. The reasonable reduction rate of the regional pollutant will have a more significant impact on the overall cost of the project, and the method of upgrading the upper surface of the upstream is more suitable for the transformation after the operation of the pollution control project.
(8) a single objective four dimensional optimization system is established, which takes the investment environmental benefit ratio as the optimization objective function, with the investment of engineering infrastructure, the operating cost, the depreciation expense and the total amount of pollutant reduction as the variable, and puts forward the optimization decision method for the control of the system engineering of the non-point source pollution.
(9) in view of the calculation method, the technical rules for determining the actual parameters, the accounting and design requirements of the downstream pipelines and sewage treatment facilities, the reduction ratio of the area source pollution, the evaluation principle of the storage facilities after operation are established, and the optimization decision of the optimal target parameters is determined by the investment environmental benefit ratio. With these contents, a complete technical framework system for controlling the distribution of rainwater storage tanks with non-point source pollution is formed.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;TU992

【参考文献】