二氧化碳储存技术研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-31 23:00

本文选题：二氧化碳储存 + 地质储存　；参考：《中外能源》2017年03期

【摘要】：通过二氧化碳储存降低大气中的二氧化碳浓度,是减缓全球温室效应的有效手段。中国在碳减排方面实行的战略与国外不同,国外是二氧化碳的捕集与储存(CCS),而中国则是二氧化碳的捕集、利用与储存(CCUS),增加了将二氧化碳作为资源进行利用的环节。二氧化碳储存技术大致分为地质储存、生物储存、海洋储存、矿物储存(矿石碳化)以及工业利用等。地质储存是最有效和最经济的永久性二氧化碳储存技术,又可分为枯竭油气藏储存、注二氧化碳驱油提高采收率(CO_2-EOR)、深部盐水层储存、深部不可开采煤层储存、注二氧化碳驱煤层气提高采收率(CO_2-ECBM)以及地下的其他地质结构如玄武岩、油页岩、孔洞等,优点是气密性好、储存容量大,可以有效提高石油、天然气等资源的采收率。利用生物储存二氧化碳具有广阔的应用前景,既可以节约资源,又能更加有效地储存二氧化碳。由于长期大规模注入二氧化碳对海洋环境及海洋生物等会产生一定影响,因此目前对于二氧化碳海洋储存技术的研究还处在试验阶段。而矿物储存在提高碳酸化反应速率和降低能耗方面还有待进一步研究。对中国而言,加快开发以二氧化碳为原料的规模化产业是实现二氧化碳减排的更为积极的途径,尤其是富碳农业。
[Abstract]:Reducing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere through carbon dioxide storage is an effective way to slow down global Greenhouse Effect. The strategy of carbon abatement in China is different from that in foreign countries, which is the capture and storage of carbon dioxide (CCS) in foreign countries, and the capture and storage of carbon dioxide in China. The use and storage of CCUSN has increased the use of carbon dioxide as a resource. Carbon dioxide storage technology can be divided into geological storage, biological storage, marine storage, mineral storage (ore carbonation) and industrial utilization. Geological storage is the most effective and economical permanent carbon dioxide storage technology. It can also be divided into depleted oil and gas reservoir storage. CO _ 2-ECBM) and other geological structures underground such as basalt, oil shale and pore have the advantages of good gas tightness and large storage capacity, which can effectively improve the recovery of oil and natural gas resources. The use of biological carbon dioxide storage has a broad application prospect, which can save resources and store carbon dioxide more effectively. Because the long-term large-scale carbon dioxide injection will have a certain impact on the marine environment and marine life, so the research of carbon dioxide marine storage technology is still in the experimental stage. However, mineral storage needs further study in increasing carbonation reaction rate and reducing energy consumption. For China, accelerating the development of a large-scale industry based on carbon dioxide is a more positive way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, especially in carbon-rich agriculture.
【作者单位】：中国石化催化剂有限公司;中石化催化剂(北京)有限公司;
【分类号】：X701

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