内蒙古通辽市滴灌条件下农田水土环境监测评估

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:49

  本文选题：滴灌 + 土壤环境　； 参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在内蒙古通辽市实施大规模“节水增粮行动”的背景下,.当地的土壤环境和地下水环境及农田环境因子的平衡关系必将发生改变。研究滴灌条件下农田水土环境的变迁规律对维持当地农业可持续发展具有重要的科学及现实意义。本文以通辽市科左中旗“节水增粮行动”万亩示范田为研究对象,在连续农田环境监测的基础上,揭示滴灌条件下土壤环境和地下水环境的变化规律。主要研究成果如下：(1)播种前土壤含水率基本保持在20%-30%之间,满足适宜作物生长的条件；土壤盐分随着滴灌年限的增加呈积盐趋势,但目前当地土壤盐渍化水平较低,作物生长受土壤盐分的影响较小；区域内土壤PH值差异较小,在8.03-8.45之间,属于碱性土。(2)土壤养分研究结果显示,研究区养分分布具有空间变异性,东部养分含量偏低；根据土壤养分分级标准,研究区全钾在二-三级之间,属于中上级-高级；全氮、碱解氮、速效钾在三～-四级之间,处于适宜水平；全磷在四-五级之间,处于中下等水平；速效磷在五～六级之间,处于较缺乏水平；养分主要在土壤表层(0-20cm)积累,全氮与碱解氮之间存在显著正相关关系,全磷与速效磷、全钾与速效钾之间不存在相关关系,加大速效磷、有机肥的施用量是保证作物高产的途径之一。(3)地下水环境研究结果表明,作物生育期内地下水位下降,地下水埋深波动较大,PH值、矿化度、全盐量、氨氮、硝酸盐、硫酸盐、重碳酸盐、氯化物、总硬度、总碱度等均有不同程度变化,全盐量与矿化度、重碳酸盐与总碱度存在极显著正相关关系。基于改进尼梅罗指数法的生育期地下水评价结果为：水质由Ⅱ类水降为Ⅲ类水,但仍然符合生活饮用水水源及农业用水标准。
[Abstract]:In the Inner Mongolia Tongliao City, the implementation of a large-scale "water-saving grain increase action" under the background. The balance relationship between local soil environment, groundwater environment and farmland environmental factors will be changed. It is of great scientific and practical significance to study the changing law of farmland soil and water environment under drip irrigation to maintain the sustainable development of local agriculture. On the basis of continuous monitoring of farmland environment, the variation of soil environment and groundwater environment under drip irrigation was revealed in this paper, taking "Water Saving and Grain increasing Action" ten thousand mu demonstration field in Kezuo Middle Banner of Tongliao City as the research object. The main results are as follows: (1) the soil moisture content was kept between 20% and 30% before sowing, which satisfied the suitable conditions for crop growth, and the soil salinity tended to accumulate salt with the increase of drip irrigation years, but the soil salinization level was relatively low. The results showed that the distribution of soil nutrients in the study area was spatially variable, and the nutrient content in the eastern part of the study area was lower than that in the eastern part of the study area, and the soil growth was less affected by soil salinity, and the difference of soil PH value in the region was small, ranging from 8.03-8.45, which belonged to alkaline soil. According to the soil nutrient classification standard, total potassium in the study area is between two and three levels, belonging to middle and higher levels, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium are in the appropriate level between three and four levels, and total phosphorus is in the middle and lower levels between four and five grades. The available phosphorus was in the low level between grade 5 and 6, the nutrient accumulation was mainly in the surface layer of soil (0-20 cm), there was a significant positive correlation between total nitrogen and alkali-soluble nitrogen, there was no correlation between total phosphorus and available phosphorus, and there was no correlation between total potassium and available potassium. Increasing the amount of available phosphorus and organic fertilizer is one of the ways to ensure high yield of crops. The results of groundwater environment research show that the groundwater level decreases, the groundwater depth fluctuates greatly, the salinity, the total salt amount, the ammonia nitrogen, and so on. Nitrate, sulfate, bicarbonate, chloride, total hardness, total alkalinity and so on all have different degrees of change, total salt amount and salinity, bicarbonate and total alkalinity have extremely significant positive correlation. The evaluation results of groundwater in growing period based on the improved Nimero index method are as follows: the water quality is reduced from class 鈪，

本文编号：1967993