城市污水处理厂尾水消毒试验探究

发布时间：2018-06-02 15:31

本文选题：消毒 + 工艺　；参考：《河南师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着时间的流逝,我国在发展经济的同时,越来越意识到环境污染的严重性和采取措施的迫切性。虽然环境问题有了不同程度的解决,但是问题依然突出。经过长时间的治理,虽然污染状况有了不同程度的改善,但是问题依然突出,情况不容乐观。其中,最不可忽视的就是水环境问题。为了解决水环境容量减少的问题,同时也为了更好的保护人民的身体健康,国家制定了一系列越来越严格的环境标准,尤其是针对二级出水在排放入受纳水体之前,新增加了大肠杆菌、粪大肠杆菌等微生物的排放指标。大部分城市污水处理厂为了达到环境保护部与国家检疫检验总局颁布的《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的要求,同时也是为了解决消毒过程中工艺选择的困扰、效果不良、消毒工艺陈旧造成二次污染等问题,所以对各种不同消毒工艺进行对比、优选以及探究不同因素对消毒效果的影响就非常有必要了。本论文结合城市污水处理厂的实际情况,从几个不同的方面对比了几种不同的消毒工艺,然后根据郑州某污水处理厂的实际情况选择了漂白粉的消毒工艺来进行探究。主要是为了掌握工业用漂白粉的实际情况,测定其中有效氯的真正含量并寻找到最佳的漂白粉投入量以减少消毒成本,实现其功能性目标。本论文研究的主要内容包括:(1)从消毒的原理、优点、局限性、消毒的持久性、是否会造成二次污染、可操作性、维修设备以及适用污水处理厂的规模等几方面对比了几种不同的消毒工艺。(2)有效氯是漂白粉中起作用的关键指标,其指的是次氯酸盐等同于氯气的氧化能力。该实验用碘量法测定工业上漂白粉有效氯的含量。(3)该实验以该污水处理厂的二级出水为研究对象,通过对粪大肠杆菌不同时间、不同剂量的监测情况来探究漂白粉的最适投加量,并且探究了p H值、温度两个因素对其消毒效果的影响。主要的研究结果表明:(1)不同的消毒工艺具有各自不同的优缺点,在实际操作中,应该根据污水处理厂的规模和其他具体条件来选择适当的消毒工艺。(2)有效氯是掌握漂白粉消毒情况的重要指标,所以我们在使用时需要对漂白粉进行有效氯的测定。(3)随着消毒接触时间的增长、上清液体积的增加,使得粪大肠杆菌的剩余数越来越少,从而能满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002),达到国家一级A的排放标准。(4)低温相比于常温条件,消毒具有滞后性并会降低消毒的速率,为了达到相同的消毒效果,就需要延长消毒的接触时间。(5)漂白粉的上清液消毒效果与上清液的p H值有关,当p H值在6.0~8.0的范围内均能对尾水起到很好的消毒作用,但是在一定范围内,随着p H值的增大,消毒效果会明显下降。
[Abstract]:With the passing of time, China has become more and more aware of the seriousness of environmental pollution and the urgency of taking measures while developing the economy. Although the environmental problem has been solved in different degrees, the problem is still outstanding. After a long period of governance, although the pollution situation has improved, the problem is still outstanding and the situation is not good. In order to solve the problem of reducing the capacity of water environment, and to better protect the health of the people, the state has set up a series of more and more strict environmental standards, especially for the newly added Escherichia coli and fecal large intestine before the two level water is placed in the receiving water. In order to meet the requirements of the pollutant discharge standard of the urban sewage treatment plant (GB18918-2002) issued by the Ministry of environmental protection and the state quarantine inspection bureau, most municipal wastewater treatment plants are also in order to solve the problem of process selection in the process of disinfection, and the effect is bad and the disinfection process is obsolete two times. Pollution and other problems, so it is necessary to compare the different disinfection processes, optimize and explore the effect of different factors on the effect of disinfection. This paper, combined with the actual situation of urban sewage treatment plant, compares several different disinfection works from several different aspects, and then according to the actual situation of a sewage treatment plant in Zhengzhou. The main purpose is to master the actual situation of bleach powder in industrial use, to determine the actual content of the bleaching powder in industrial use, to determine the true content of the effective chlorine and to find the best input of bleach to reduce the cost of disinfection and to achieve its functional objectives. The main contents of this paper include: (1) from the principles, advantages, and bureaus of disinfection Limit, the persistence of disinfection, whether it will cause two pollution, the operability, the maintenance equipment and the size of the sewage treatment plant, compare several different disinfection processes. (2) the effective chlorine is the key indicator of the effect of the bleaching powder, which refers to the oxidation capacity of hypochlorite equivalent to chlorine gas. The experiment is determined by iodic method. The content of effective chlorine of bleached powder in industry. (3) the experiment took the two grade effluent of the wastewater treatment plant as the research object. The optimum dosage of bleaching powder was explored by monitoring the different doses of fecal Escherichia coli in different doses, and the effect of P H value and temperature on the effect of two factors on its disinfection effect. The main results showed: ( 1) different disinfection processes have their own advantages and disadvantages. In actual operation, the appropriate disinfection technology should be selected according to the scale of the sewage treatment plant and other specific conditions. (2) the effective chlorine is an important indicator to master the disinfection of bleach powder, so we need to determine the effective chlorine in the bleach powder. (3) with the elimination of the bleaching powder. The increase of toxic contact time and the increase of the volume of the supernatant make the remaining number of fecal Escherichia coli less and less, which can meet the emission standard of pollutant discharge (GB18918-2002) of the municipal wastewater treatment plant and reach the national level A emission standard. (4) the low temperature is less than the normal temperature, and the disinfection is delayed and will reduce the rate of disinfection. The same disinfection effect, need to prolong the contact time of disinfection. (5) the disinfection effect of the supernatant of the bleaching powder is related to the P H value of the supernatant. When the P H value is in the range of 6.0~8.0, the sterilizing effect can be good for the tail water, but in a certain range, with the increase of the P H value, the disinfection effect will decrease obviously.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703.1

【相似文献】