贵州3座深水水库浮游植物群落结构动态变化及影响因素

发布时间：2018-06-04 06:14

本文选题：深水水库 + 浮游植物　；参考：《贵州师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为水域的初级生产力,浮游植物不仅影响着水域生态中食物链及其他各环节的结构,甚至也关系到全球环境的变化。贵州高原水库多为深水型水库,地理环境复杂,营养状况各异,因此浮游植物的生境也较特殊和复杂。本研究通过对位于贵州高原不同氮磷含量的三座深水水库-三板溪水库、万峰湖水库和龙滩水库的浮游植物和环境因子进行调查研究和分析,考察了浮游植物与环境因子之间的关系。主要研究内容包括:浮游植物群落动态变化特征;环境因子变化特征;环境因子对浮游植物群落的影响,以期为贵州深水水库水华的防治提供参考依据。研究结果表明:(1)三座水库共检出浮游植物140属(种),其中绿藻属(种)最多,共检出73属(种),其次为硅藻,共检出36属(种),蓝藻共检出25属(种),甲藻、隐藻、裸藻、金藻属(种)数量较少,分别检出3属(种)、1属(种)、2属(种)、1属(种)。龙滩水库浮游植物属(种)数量最多,共检出7门99属(种),三板溪水库最少,共检出6门84属(种),万峰湖共检出浮游植物7门98属(种)。三板溪水库和万峰湖水库枯水期浮游植物属(种)数量最少、丰水期最多,龙滩水库则表现为丰水期最少、平水期和枯水期较多。(2)枯水期时浮游植物丰度最低,丰水期最高。各水库浮游植物均随水深的增加呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,三板溪水库浮游植物丰度低、万峰湖水库浮游植物丰度最高。三座水库在不同时期优势种组成不同,其中枯水期和平水期各水库均以硅藻占优势,枯水期时三板溪水库以颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)丰度最高,万峰湖水库和龙滩水库以小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)丰度最高,平水期时三板溪水库和万峰湖水库以脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)丰度最高,而龙滩水库以华丽星杆藻(Asterionella formosa)丰度最高,丰水期三板溪水库和龙滩水库以蓝藻占优势,其中三板溪水库以具缘微囊藻(mcrocystis marglnata)丰度最高,龙滩水库以鞘丝藻(Synechocystis aquetilis)丰度最高,万峰湖水库以绿藻占优势,其中双对栅藻(Scenedesmus bijugatus)丰度最高。枯水期时三板溪水库、万峰湖水库和龙滩水库浮游植物的垂直分布较均匀,平水期时浮游植物在20 m以上的水层丰度较高,丰水期时浮游植物集中分布于10 m以上的水层。(3)枯水期时由于浮游植物属(种)数量较少,丰度较低,因此香农多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner index)值较低,平水期硅藻属(种)数量增多、丰度升高,因此香农多样性指数值升高,丰水期绿藻和蓝藻属(种)数量增,且丰度均升高,因此香农多样性指数达到最高。三板溪水库由于各水文时期浮游植物属(种)数量相对较少、优势类群浮游植物丰度较高,因此香农多样性指数值最低,万峰湖水库由于各水文时期浮游植物属(种)数量较多,优势类群丰度相对较低,因此香农指数值较高。(4)三板溪水库总磷浓度较高,龙滩水库较低,各水文时期差异显著(ANOVA,P0.05),总氮则表现为三板溪水库最低、各水文时期差异不显著(ANOVA,P0.05),万峰湖水库和龙滩水库总氮较高,各水文时期总氮浓度差异极显著(ANOVA,P0.01)。三板溪水库氮磷比较低,而龙滩水库和万峰湖水库氮磷比较高。(5)水温为影响三板溪水库、万峰湖水库和龙滩水库浮游植物多度变化、演替和垂直分布关键的环境因子。但由于三座水库所处的气候区划不同,水温的变化情况也不同,其中三板溪水库由于季节变化明显,浮游植物的季节性演替和多度值变化较大,万峰湖水库由于水温较高,浮游植物多度在各水文时期均较高,龙滩水库由于水温常年较高,硅藻亦适宜较高的水温。总氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮是影响贵州高原深水水库浮游植物群落动态变化的营养盐。在三板溪水库,浮游植物丰度与总磷和正磷酸盐呈极显著相关关系,而在龙滩水库,浮游植物丰度受总磷和正磷酸盐的影响不显著。
[Abstract]:As the primary productivity of water, phytoplankton not only affect the structure of food chain and other links in water ecology, but also relate to the change of the global environment. The Guizhou plateau reservoir is mostly deep water reservoir, and the geographical environment is complex and the nutritional status is different. Therefore, the habitats of floating vegetation are also special and complex. The phytoplankton and environmental factors of the three deep-water reservoirs of different nitrogen and phosphorus content in the Guizhou plateau, the San plate Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake water reservoir and the Longtan Reservoir, were investigated and analyzed. The relationship between phytoplankton and environmental factors was investigated. The main contents included the characteristics of the dynamic changes of phytoplankton community and the characteristics of environmental factors. The effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton community were provided to provide reference for the prevention and control of water bloom in Guizhou deepwater reservoir. The results showed that: (1) there were 140 genera (species) of phytoplankton in three reservoirs. Among them, 73 genera were detected, followed by diatom, 36 genera (species) were detected. 25 genera (species), alga, cryptoalgae and nude were detected in the cyanobacteria. There are 3 genera (species), 1 genera (species), 2 genera and 1 genera (species). There are 7 gate 99 genera and 99 genera (species) in Longtan Reservoir. There are 6 84 genera (species), and 98 genera and 98 genera of phytoplankton are detected in Wan Feng lake. The number of genera (species) is the least, the abundant water period is the most, the Longtan Reservoir shows the least water period, the flat water period and the dry water period. (2) the abundance of phytoplankton is the lowest and the peak water season is the highest. All the phytoplankton in the reservoir are gradually decreasing with the increase of water depth, the phytoplankton abundance in the three plate reservoir is low, and the phytoplankton in Wan Feng Lake Reservoir The abundance of the three reservoirs is different in different periods, in which diatom is dominant in all reservoirs in the period of low water period, and the abundance of Melosira granulata is the highest in the three plate Creek Reservoir in the dry period, and the abundance of the Wan Feng lake and Longtan Reservoir is the highest in the algae (Cyclotella sp.) in the Longtan Reservoir. The abundance of Fragilaria sp. is the highest in Wan Feng lake reservoir, and the abundance of Asterionella Formosa in Longtan Reservoir is the highest. The three plate Creek Reservoir and Longtan Reservoir are dominated by cyanobacteria, with the highest abundance of Microcystis (Mcrocystis marglnata) in the three plate brook reservoirs, and the Longtan Reservoir with the sheath of sp. (Synechocystis aque). Tilis) abundance is the highest, Wan Feng lake reservoir is dominated by green algae, and the abundance of Scenedesmus bijugatus is the highest. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton in the three plate Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake reservoir and Longtan Reservoir is more uniform in the dry period. The abundance of phytoplankton is higher than 20 m during the flat water period, and the phytoplankton distribution is concentrated at the high water period. In the water layer above 10 m. (3) the number of phytoplankton species (species) was relatively low and the Shannon diversity index (Shannon-Weiner index) value was lower in the dry period, so the number of diatom (species) increased and the abundance increased in the flat water period. Therefore, the number of Shannon diversity index increased, the number of green algae and cyanobacteria (species) increased, and the abundance increased. The Shannon diversity index reached the highest. The number of phytoplankton species (species) in the three plate streams is relatively small, and the abundance of phytoplankton is higher in the dominant group, so the Shannon diversity index is the lowest. The number of phytoplankton (species) in the Wan Feng lake reservoir is relatively low, so the abundance of dominant groups is relatively low, so Shannon is relatively low in abundance. So Shannon The index value is high. (4) the total phosphorus concentration of the three plate brook reservoir is high, the Longtan Reservoir is lower, the difference of each hydrological period is significant (ANOVA, P0.05), the total nitrogen is the lowest in the three plate stream reservoir, the difference of each hydrological period is not significant (ANOVA, P0.05), the total nitrogen of Wan Feng lake water reservoir and Longtan Reservoir is higher, and the total nitrogen concentration difference of each hydrological period is very significant (ANOVA, P0.01). The nitrogen and phosphorus of the ban Xi reservoir are relatively low, while the nitrogen and phosphorus of the Longtan Reservoir and Wan Feng lake water reservoir are high. (5) the water temperature is the key environmental factor affecting the diversity of the phytoplankton in the three plates Creek Reservoir, the Wan Feng lake reservoir and the Longtan Reservoir, and the key environmental factors of succession and vertical distribution. However, the variation of water temperature is different because of the different climatic zoning in the three reservoirs, of which three Because of the obvious seasonal variation, the seasonal succession of phytoplankton and the diversity value of phytoplankton varied greatly. The water temperature of Wan Feng lake reservoir was higher because of the higher water temperature, the higher the phytoplankton abundance in each hydrological period. The Longtan Reservoir was also suitable for high water temperature because of the high water temperature. The total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are the influence of the deep water in the Guizhou plateau. In the San plate Creek Reservoir, the abundance of phytoplankton is closely related to the total phosphorus and orthophosphate, but in the Longtan Reservoir, the abundance of phytoplankton is not significantly affected by the total phosphorus and orthophosphate.
【学位授予单位】：贵州师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X524;X173

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