道路路面径流污染生态化处治技术应用研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 05:02

本文选题：径流污染 + 生态渗滤结构层　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,频繁的交通活动、机动车辆运行过程中化石燃料的燃烧排放大量的废气和碳氢化合物,车辆的轮胎磨损以及频繁的刹车制动形成大量的橡胶微颗粒物和重金属颗粒物。这其中的大部分污染物将随着降水迁移至自然水体中,对受纳水体的水质和生态环境造成破坏,形成道路路面径流污染,这样的非点源污染的负荷高且难以控制,控制道路路面径流污染势在必行。在道路用地范围内运用一定的材料,并且新建或改造一些结构,从而能够使这些材料和结构通过渗透、过滤、缓流、净化等方式控制道路路面径流污染。根据实地径流雨水的测试结果,其污染物浓度超标,污染较为严重。分析道路路面径流初期冲刷效应的显著程度,得出初期雨水是道路路面径流污染处治的重点。根据测试结果,采用化学试剂进行了实验室道路路面径流雨水的模拟。通过对陶粒、沸石以及陶粒沸石双层滤料三种形式的生态渗滤结构层进行对比,得出去污能力的强弱关系为：陶粒沸石双层滤料沸石陶粒。双层滤料对SS的初始去除率达到70%以上,而对Zn和Pb的初始去除率达到90%以上,对COD和TP的去除率随着入流时间的持续也均达到50%以上,且露天放置的生态渗滤结构层在使用过程中去污能力趋于稳定。通过对生态渗滤结构层进行缓流优化,能够强化其对TN和NH3-N的去除效率。通过对多孔沥青混合料孔隙堵塞效应及去污能力衰变规律的研究分析,结果表明：多孔沥青混合料(PAC)的透水系数随着污染负荷的增大而降低,且空隙率越大,该趋势越显著。较小空隙率的PAC混合料对于SS、COD、Zn、Pb污染物的初始去除效果较优,较大空隙率的PAC混合料的去污效果易受污染物负荷的影响。通过研究掺加沸石粉的透水混凝土的去污能力,沸石粉透水混凝土的NH3-N去除率随着沸石粉掺量的增加而增加,沸石粉掺量达到50%时,NH3-N去除率达到45%。出于去除率和强度的综合考虑,透水混凝土中沸石粉的掺量为30%左右较为合理。分析了透水混凝土的储水-渗流机理,建立了透水混凝土的储水-渗流模型,据此计算设计暴雨下透水混凝土内部储水高度变化。基于道路路面径流污染处治措施的实地应用,提出了道路生态渗滤结构层的大致设计流程以及道路生态渗滤结构层在道路工程中的应用方式,提出了排水沥青路面边缘排水系统的优化方案,以及透水混凝土在道路边坡的应用方案。并根据道路路面径流污染的形成和迁移过程对道路路面径流污染处治措施的应用进行了模拟分析。
[Abstract]:At present, with the frequent traffic activities, the burning of fossil fuels in motor vehicles releases a lot of exhaust gases and hydrocarbons, the tire wear of vehicles and the frequent brake to form a large number of rubber microparticles and heavy metal particles. Most of these pollutants will migrate to the natural water with precipitation, which will destroy the water quality and ecological environment of the receiving water, form road surface runoff pollution, such non-point source pollution load is high and difficult to control. It is imperative to control road surface runoff pollution. In order to control the road surface runoff pollution through infiltration, filtration, slow flow, purification and so on, some materials are used in the road land area, and some new structures are built or modified so that these materials and structures can be controlled by infiltration, filtration, slow flow, purification and so on. According to the results of field runoff Rain Water test, the pollutant concentration exceeds the standard and the pollution is more serious. The significant degree of initial scour effect of road surface runoff is analyzed, and it is concluded that initial Rain Water is the key point in the treatment of road surface runoff pollution. According to the test results, the Rain Water simulation of road surface runoff in laboratory was carried out by using chemical reagent. Through the comparison of three kinds of ecological leachate structure layer of ceramsite, zeolite and ceramsite, the relationship of decontamination ability is obtained as follows: ceramic zeolite double-layer filter material zeolite ceramsite. The initial removal rate of SS was more than 70%, the initial removal rate of Zn and Pb was more than 90%, and the removal rate of COD and TP was more than 50% with the inflow time. The decontamination capacity of the ecological leachate structure layer in the open air tends to be stable. The removal efficiency of TN and NH3-N can be enhanced by optimizing the slow flow of ecological leachate structure layer. Through the study and analysis of porous asphalt mixture pore clogging effect and decontamination ability decay rule, the results show that the permeability coefficient of porous asphalt mixture decreases with the increase of pollution load, and the more the porosity, the more obvious this trend is. The initial removal efficiency of PAC mixture with small porosity is better than that of PAC mixture with large porosity. The decontamination effect of PAC mixture with larger void ratio is easily affected by pollutant load. By studying the decontamination ability of permeable concrete with boiling powder, the removal rate of NH3-N of permeable concrete with boiling powder increases with the increase of the content of zeolite powder, and the removal rate of NH _ 3-N reaches 45% when the content of zeolite powder reaches 50%. Considering the removal rate and strength, the content of boiling stone in permeable concrete is about 30%. The mechanism of water storage and seepage of permeable concrete is analyzed, and the water storage seepage model of permeable concrete is established. According to this model, the variation of internal water storage height of permeable concrete under heavy rain is calculated. Based on the field application of road surface runoff pollution treatment measures, the general design process of road ecological leachate structure layer and the application mode of road ecological leachate structure layer in road engineering are put forward. The optimization scheme of drainage system on the edge of drainage asphalt pavement and the application scheme of permeable concrete in road slope are put forward. According to the formation and migration process of road surface runoff pollution, the application of road surface runoff pollution treatment measures is simulated and analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X734;X52

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