海河流域底泥沉积物及鲫鱼重金属污染风险研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 21:13

本文选题：海河流域 + 沉积物　；参考：《北京化工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随目前工业化和城市现代化的迅猛发展,河流重金属污染问题日趋严重。河流底泥沉积物作为重金属主要蓄积场所之一,是导致底层水生生物产生重金属吸收的原因之一,进而对人类健康和整个生态系统导致潜在健康威胁。本文以海河流域为研究区域,选取25个河流点位采集底泥沉积物和鲫鱼样进行深入分析研究。通过对沉积物重金属以及鲫鱼体内金属含量分析以及重金属在鲫鱼体内器官组织的分布,评价了海河流域典型河流底泥重金属的污染程度及鱼类污染风险,旨在为流域河流重金属监控预警、风险管理提供科学依据,同时为鱼类健康消费提供参考。主要结果如下：(1)研究区域内不同金属污染和生态风险不同：海河流域沉积物重金属Cu、Zn、Cr、Pb、Cd、As浓度均超于区域背景值,污染倍数及风险为Cd(2.74)Pb(1.68)Cu(1.55)As(1.34)Zn(1.31)Cr(1.05)。潜在危害生态指数法(RI)表明重金属生态风险CdAsPbCuCrZn。研究区重金属综合生态风险平均115.88,接近“中等”生态风险等级,主要贡献元素为Cd和As。(2)重金属在鲫鱼的不同器官累及不同,鳃部和肝脏是积累重金属的器官。肌肉重金属浓度相对国家规定标准限值均有不同程度超出,污染风险Pb(2.23)As(1.31)Zn(1.28)Cd(0.79)Cu(0.11)Cr(0.10)。运用目标危险系数法(THQ)计算肌肉的食用风险,24%的研究区存在健康风险,主要风险贡献元素为As和Pb。(3)沉积物与鲫鱼各组织重金属浓度呈现极显著的正相关(R=0.819～0.844, P0.01)。鲫鱼对重金属的积累和富集程度受到多种生物因素和非生物因素影响,运用生物-沉积物积累因子法(BSAF)计算得出,Zn和Cd在鲫鱼肝脏存在较强的富集作用。研究结果的综合分析表明海河流域主要河流的Cd、As、Pb、Zn污染风险较高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industrialization and urban modernization, heavy metal pollution in rivers is becoming more and more serious. As one of the main accumulation sites of heavy metals, river sediment is one of the reasons that lead to heavy metal absorption by bottom aquatic organisms, which leads to potential health threats to human health and the whole ecosystem. Taking Haihe River Basin as the study area, 25 river sites were selected to collect sediment and crucian carp samples for further analysis. Based on the analysis of heavy metals in sediments and metal contents in crucian carp and the distribution of heavy metals in organs and tissues of crucian carp, the pollution degree of heavy metals in sediment of typical rivers in Haihe River Basin and the risk of fish pollution were evaluated. The aim is to provide scientific basis for heavy metal monitoring and warning and risk management in river basins, and to provide reference for healthy fish consumption. The main results are as follows: (1) different metal pollution and ecological risk are different in the study area: the concentration of heavy metal Cu ~ (2 +) Zn ~ (2 +) Cr ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) in the sediments of Haihe River Basin is higher than the regional background value, and the pollution multiple and risk are 2.74 ~ (1. 68) Cu ~ (1. 68) Cu ~ (1. 55) ~ (1. 34) Zn ~ (1. 31) Cr ~ (1. 05). The potential ecological hazard index (RI) indicated that the heavy metal ecological risk was CdAsPbCuCrZn. The average comprehensive ecological risk of heavy metals in the study area was 115.88, which was close to the "medium" ecological risk grade. The main contribution elements were CD and as. 2) heavy metals were involved in different organs of crucian carp, and Gill and liver were the organs that accumulated heavy metals. The concentration of heavy metals in muscle exceeded the national standard limit to some extent. There was a health risk in 24% of the study area calculated by THQ. The main risk contributing elements were as and Pb. 3) there was a significant positive correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the sediments and the tissues of crucian carp (P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P 0. 01, P = 0. 01, P = 0. 01). The accumulation and enrichment of heavy metals in crucian carp were influenced by many biological and abiotic factors. BSAF method was used to calculate the accumulation of Zn and CD in the liver of crucian carp. The comprehensive analysis of the results shows that the pollution risk of CD Asn PbN Zn in the main rivers of Haihe River Basin is high.
【学位授予单位】：北京化工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52;X174

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