双台子河口水体全氟化合物污染分布及风险评估研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 23:10

  本文选题：双台子河口 + 全氟化合物(PFCs)　； 参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：全氟化合物(PFCs)作为一种新型的全球性有机污染物已引起了广大研究者的关注。它在环境介质尤其是水环境中的广泛存在令人担忧。它不仅会对水生动植物产生不同程度的毒害作用,而且能通过食物链蓄积到高等生物及人体内,危及生态安全和人体健康。因此,重要水域中PFCs的污染分布状况及风险评估依然是目前PFCs研究的重点之一。人为活动产生的污废水大量排放至附近的河流、湖泊等地表水中,将各种污染物带入水体,间接引起了终端水域的污染。双台子河是辽河的唯一入海通道,经台安县六间房从盘山汇入辽东湾海域。然而,辽东湾属半封闭海湾,本身自净能力较差,其环境相对更为敏感。当前已有关于双台子河重金属、营养盐污染的报道,但新型污染物PFCs污染研究鲜见报道。本文以双台子河口为研究主体,采用固相萃取(SPE)前处理与高效液相色谱串联质谱联用仪(HPLC-MS/MS)相结合的分析方法,探讨河口水体15种PFCs(包括11种全氟羧酸和4种全氟磺酸类化合物)的污染分布情况。最后,对PFOA与PFOS可能产生的水生生态环境及人体健康风险进行评价。实验结果表明双台子河口已存在PFCs污染,具体得出以下几点主要结论：(1)双台子河口水体中河水样品与海水样品中∑PFCs平均浓度(最大浓度)分别为110.366(207.028)和121.318(209.350)ng/L,其中短链PFBA、PFPeA为主要污染物,其次是PFOA和PFHxA。4种被检测的全氟磺酸化合物中,PFBS含量最局,PFOS位居第二;(2)表层河水样品中∑PFCs浓度变化规律相对明显,随水流方向自上游至下游逐渐递增；(3)海水样品中,距离河口位置越远,∑PFCs浓度越低；靠近大辽河一侧样品∑PFCs浓度偏高；表层样品∑PFCs浓度低于底层；(4)不同模型或基准浓度下得出的风险表征结果均表明双台子河口水体中PFOS与PFOA暂不会对生态环境及人群健康产生即时危害,风险较小。
[Abstract]:As a new type of global organic pollutants, PFCs have attracted the attention of researchers. Its widespread presence in environmental media, especially in the water environment, is worrying. It can not only poison aquatic animals and plants to varying degrees, but also accumulate into higher organisms and human bodies through the food chain, thus endangering ecological safety and human health. Therefore, the pollution distribution and risk assessment of PFCs in important waters are still one of the focuses of PFCs research. The polluted water produced by human activities is discharged into the surface water of nearby rivers and lakes, which brings various pollutants into the water, which indirectly causes the pollution of the terminal waters. Shuangtaizi River is the only channel of Liaohe River, which flows from Panshan to Liaodong Bay via six rooms in Taian County. However, the Liaodong Bay is a semi-enclosed bay, its self-purification ability is poor, and its environment is more sensitive. There have been reports of heavy metal and nutrient pollution in Shuangtaizi River, but the study on PFCs pollution is rarely reported. In this paper, Shuangtaizi Estuary was used as the main body of the study. The analytical method was combined with SPE pretreatment and HPLC-MS / MS, which was coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC / MS). The pollution distribution of 15 PFCs (including 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 4 perfluorinated sulfonic acids) in estuarine water was studied. Finally, the possible aquatic ecological environment and human health risk caused by PFOA and PFOS were evaluated. The experimental results show that there is PFCs pollution in Shuangtaizi Estuary. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the mean concentrations (maximum concentrations) of 鈭，

本文编号：1988500