黑麦草和羊草对石油污染盐碱土壤根际微生物的影响

发布时间：2018-06-07 17:56

本文选题：石油污染 + 盐碱　；参考：《哈尔滨师范大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：由石油和盐碱的双重胁迫所引起的土壤污染已经成为严重的环境问题之一,越来越受到人们的关注。本研究以大庆盐碱土壤为供试土壤,人工设置石油浓度为0 g/kg、5 g/kg和10 g/kg,以黑麦草和羊草为供试植物,采用微生物平板稀释法、Biolog微平板技术、变性梯度凝胶电泳(Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis,DGGE)技术、454高通量测序(454 high-throughput sequencing)技术,研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中根际微生物物种多样性、功能多样性和结构多样性的影响。测定了土壤酶活性和土壤中石油烃降解率。主要的实验结果如下:1.采用微生物平板稀释法研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中根际微生物数量的影响,结果表明:在各石油浓度下,黑麦草和羊草的根际土壤可培养细菌和放线菌数量均显著高于无植物对照土壤;黑麦草和羊草的根际土壤可培养真菌数量也高于无植物对照土壤,但只有在10 g/kg石油浓度下差异显著;两种植物相比,黑麦草的根际土壤微生物(细菌、放线菌和真菌)数量高于羊草。2.采用Biolog微平板技术,研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中根际微生物功能多样性的影响,结果表明:在各石油浓度下,黑麦草和羊草的AWCD值均表现为大于无植物对照土壤,且黑麦草的AWCD值变化幅度较大,数值较高;黑麦草、羊草和无植物土壤的群落功能具有显著差异;黑麦草和羊草的Simpson指数和Shannon指数均大于无植物土壤、且黑麦草大于羊草,McIntosh指数则表现为小于无植物土壤,但只有在10 g/kg石油浓度下与无植物之间差异显著。3.采用DGGE技术,研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中根际微生物结构多样性的影响,结果表明:在各石油浓度下,黑麦草的多样性指数和均匀度指数均大于羊草大于无植物空白对照,在0 g/kg和10 g/kg石油浓度下,与无植物空白对照之间差异显著;在5 g/kg石油浓度下,与无植物空白对照之间差异均不显著。黑麦草、羊草和无植物对照之间存在共有条带,但条带强度各不相同;种植黑麦草和羊草的土壤产生了特异条带,分别属于芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、酸杆菌(Acidobacteria)、变形菌(Proteobacterium)和不可培养的细菌(Uncultured bacterium)。4.采用高通量焦磷酸(454)测序技术,进一步研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中根际微生物结构多样性的影响,结果表明:在各石油浓度下,根际土壤微生物的生物多样性远多于人们的认识。黑麦草和羊草的种植在门、纲和属的水平下增加了一些菌群的比例,改变了土壤中细菌和真菌的群落结构,同时还有很大比例的未知菌群有待于研究。5.分别采用土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性的测定方法,研究了黑麦草和羊草对不同石油浓度下的盐碱土壤中土壤酶活性的影响,结果表明:在各石油浓度下,黑麦草和羊草的种植均显著提高了土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和脱氢酶活性,且黑麦草的土壤酶活性高于羊草。6.采用石油烃的测定方法,研究了黑麦草和羊草对石油烃的降解效果,结果表明:在黑麦草和羊草生长2个月后,在5 g/kg和10 g/kg石油浓度下,黑麦草和羊草的石油烃降解率分别为38.23%、29.41%和27.70%、16.16%,且黑麦草的降解效果优于羊草。
[Abstract]:Soil pollution caused by double stress of oil and salt has become one of the serious environmental problems, and more and more people pay attention to it. In this study, Daqing saline soil was used as the test soil, the oil concentration was 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg, and Ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were used as the test plants, and the microbiological plate dilution method, Biolog Microplate technique, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) technology and 454 high flux sequencing (454 high-throughput sequencing) technique were used to study the effects of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the diversity, functional diversity and structural diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in saline soil under different oil concentrations. The main experimental results were as follows: 1. the effects of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the number of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations were studied by the microbiological dilution method. The results showed that the rhizosphere soil of black wheat grass and Leymus chinensis could be cultured and released under the oil concentration. The number of strains of rhizosphere bacteria was significantly higher than that in the non plant control soil. The number of cultivated fungi in rhizosphere soil of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis was higher than that of plant control soil, but the difference was significant only under 10 g/kg oil concentration. Compared with two plants, the number of rhizosphere soil microbes (bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi) in ryegrass was higher than that of Leymus chinensis.2. using Biolog microbalance. The effect of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis and Leymus chinensis on the functional diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations was studied. The results showed that the AWCD values of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were all higher than those in the non plant control soil under the oil concentration, and the AWCD value of ryegrass was higher and the value was higher; ryegrass, Leymus chinensis and no. The Simpson index and Shannon index of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were greater than those in plant soil, and ryegrass was larger than Leymus chinensis, and the McIntosh index was less than that of plant soil, but the difference between 10 g/kg and no plants was significant.3. using DGGE technology, and studied ryegrass and ryegrass. The effect of Leymus chinensis on the structure diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in the saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations showed that the diversity index and evenness index of ryegrass were greater than that of Leymus chinensis, and the difference was significant between the 0 g/kg and 10 g/kg oil concentration, and the difference between the plant and the plant blank control was significant at 5 g/kg. There was no significant difference between the oil concentration and the plant blank control. Ryegrass, Leymus chinensis and no plant control existed a common strip, but the intensity of strip was different. The soil of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis produced specific bands, which belong to Bacillus (Bacillus sp.), acid bacilli (Acidobacteria), and Proteus (Proteobacterium). The effect of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis on the structure diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in saline alkali soil under different oil concentrations was further studied by using high throughput pyrophosphoric acid (454) sequencing technology and Uncultured bacterium.4.. The results showed that the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil was much more than that of the people under the oil concentration. Understanding. The planting of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis increased the proportion of some bacteria groups at the level of the door, class and genus, and changed the community structure of bacteria and fungi in the soil. At the same time, there was a large proportion of the unknown flora in the soil. The activities of soil urease, sucrase and dehydrogenase were determined by.5., and the ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were studied. The results showed that the activities of soil urease, sucrase and dehydrogenase were significantly increased by the planting of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis at various oil concentrations, and the enzyme activity of ryegrass was higher than that of Leymus chinensis.6. using petroleum hydrocarbon, and the ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were studied. The results showed that after 2 months of growth of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis, the petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rates of ryegrass and Leymus chinensis were 38.23%, 29.41% and 27.70%, 16.16% under 5 g/kg and 10 g/kg oil concentrations, and the degradation effect of ryegrass was better than Leymus chinensis.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X17

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