水分与磷肥对土壤重金属有效态及红蛋植物累积重金属的影响研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 17:15

本文选题：重金属 + 有效态重金属　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在重金属复合污染土壤中,水分与磷肥的调控研究多有报道。本论文结合前期对红蛋(Echinodorus Osiris)植物的研究,通过土壤室内培养和红蛋大棚盆栽试验,进行了不同水分(淹水和非淹水)与磷肥(磷酸二氢钙——CDP和磷酸氢二铵——DHP)处理对土壤Cd、Pb、Zn和As有效态和红蛋对其吸收累积的影响研究。主要结果如下：(1)淹水和磷肥均降低土壤有效态Cd、Pb和Zn的含量,而显著增加土壤有效态As的含量。低施用量时,CDP和DHP对土壤有效态Cd、Pb和Zn含量的影响差异不显著,但是在高施用量时,CDP显著降低土壤有效态Cd、Pb和Zn含量,而DHP在土培试验中对土壤有效态Cd、Pb和Zn含量影响不显著,而盆栽试验中有效态Cd含量变化不显著,有效态Pb和Zn含量显著降低。(2)淹水和磷肥显著增加了红蛋的生长,降低红蛋Cd、Pb和Zn的含量和富集系数,但是,显著增加红蛋As含量及其富集系数,也显著增加红蛋对Cd、Pb、Zn和As的总迁移量。淹水处理红蛋地上部分和地下部分干重均为非淹水处理的1倍以上；红蛋Cd、Pb、Zn和As的总迁移量分别为非淹水条件下的1.8倍、1.6倍.1.4倍和5倍。磷肥低施用量时,CDP和DHP对红蛋生长、重金属含量、富集系数的影响结果相当,但是,淹水条件下DHP处理红蛋总迁移量较高；高施用量时,CDP对红蛋干重继续增加,但是Cd、Pb和Zn含量也显著降低；DHP施用,红蛋干重增量较小,Cd、Pb和Zn含量则较CDP处理高；就总迁移量而言,高施用量的DHP效果也较好。(3)相关性分析表明,土壤中有效态Cd、Pb、Zn的含量与土壤pH值密切相关,土壤有效态As的含量与土壤速效P含量呈显著正相关性。而红蛋(Echinodorus Osiris)地上部分Cd、Pb、Zn和As含量均与其土壤中对应有效态含量呈显著正相关,说明水分与磷肥主要通过改变土壤pH值等改变土壤有效态重金属含量来影响红蛋对重金属的吸收累积。综上可见,淹水和磷肥主要通过改变土壤pH和速效P含量等降低土壤中有效Cd、Pb、Zn含量,增加土壤中有效态As的含量；同时,淹水与施磷显著增进红蛋生长,引起红蛋富集系数和总迁移量的变化,从而显著增加其重金属的累积量。基于磷肥用量、土壤有效态重金属含量变化情况和红蛋对重金属的累积结果,较低施用量的DHP在淹水条件下对红蛋重金属累积效果较优。
[Abstract]:In the soil polluted by heavy metals, the regulation of water and phosphorus fertilizer has been reported. In this paper, the plant of Echinodorus Osirisus was studied in the early stage, and the experiment was carried out in soil indoor culture and pot culture of Echinodorus Osirisus. The effects of different water (flooded and non-flooded) and phosphate fertilizer (CDP and DHP- DHP3) on the available Zn and as of CD PbN and the absorption and accumulation of red egg were studied. The main results were as follows: (1) both flooding and phosphorus fertilizer decreased the contents of available CD ~ (2 +) Pb and Zn in soil, but significantly increased the content of available as in soil. The effect of CDP and DHP on the contents of available CD ~ (2 +) Pb and Zn was not significant at low application rate, but CDP significantly decreased the content of available CD _ (2 +) Pb and Zn at high application rate, but DHP had no significant effect on the content of available CD _ (2 +) Pb and Zn in soil culture test. However, the available CD content in pot experiment was not significantly changed, but the available Pb and Zn contents were significantly decreased. (2) flooding and phosphorus fertilizer significantly increased the growth of red egg, decreased the content and enrichment coefficient of CD Pb and Zn in red egg, but decreased the content of CD and Zn in red egg. The content and enrichment coefficient of as in red egg were significantly increased, and the total migration amount of Zn and as in CD ~ (2 +) was also significantly increased. The dry weight of the aboveground part and underground part of the red egg treated by flooding was more than 1 times of that of the non-flooded treatment, and the total migration of Zn and as in the red egg was 1.6 times, 1.4 times and 5 times as high as that in the non-flooded condition, respectively. The effects of CDP and DHP on the growth, heavy metal content and enrichment coefficient of red egg were similar at low application rate of phosphate fertilizer, but the total migration of red egg treated with DHP was higher under flooding, and the dry weight of red egg was increased with high application rate of CDP. However, the contents of Pb and Zn also decreased significantly, and the dry weight increment of red egg was higher than that of CDP treatment, and the effect of DHP with high application rate was better than that of CDP treatment, and the correlation analysis showed that the effect of DHP with high application rate was better than that of CDP treatment, and the correlation analysis showed that the effect of DHP with high application rate was better than that of CDP treatment. The content of available CD ~ (2 +) Pb ~ (2 +) Zn in soil was closely related to soil pH value, and the content of soil available as was positively correlated with soil available P content. However, the contents of Zn and as in the aboveground part of Echinodorus Osirisi were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding available state contents in the soil of Echinodorus Osirisi. The results showed that water and phosphorus fertilizer mainly affected the accumulation of heavy metals in red eggs by changing the soil pH value and the content of available heavy metals in the soil. It can be seen that flooding and phosphorus fertilizer can increase the content of available as by changing soil pH and available P content, and increase the content of available as in soil, at the same time, flooding and phosphorus application can significantly increase the growth of red egg. The accumulation coefficient and total migration of red egg were changed, and the accumulation of heavy metals was increased significantly. Based on the change of available heavy metals in soil and the accumulation of heavy metals in red egg, DHP with lower application rate had better effect on heavy metal accumulation in red egg under flooding condition.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53;X173

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