基于土地覆盖的南宁市区碳排放核算及空间分配研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 13:34

本文选题：土地覆盖 + 城市尺度　；参考：《广西大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：C02等温室气体(GHG)的增加导致了显著的全球温室效应,对全球的海岸带、农林牧渔业和社会经济产生极大负面影响,气候变暖引起了人们的普遍关注。城市是全球温室效应的重大贡献者,低碳城市的建立成为当代需求,亟需建立一套统一、标准的,适合中国城市的碳排核算体系。据此,本研究总结国内外土地覆盖变化碳排效应研究,结合遥感影像数据,分析了2003-2013年间南宁市区陆地生态系统格局和碳储量变化。同时结合IPCC、ICLEI和GPC清单概算,兼顾考虑自然源和人为源碳收支,将城市GHG的核算分为能源活动、工业生产过程、农业活动、林业碳汇与土地覆盖转变、城市废弃物处理五大部门,建立了一套可复制、核实、报告的城市碳排放核算体系,在此基础上,构建“土地覆盖—碳排”的关联框架,以人口网格、交通网络和工业点位为辅助数据,创新了碳排的空间分配方法,对基于土地覆盖的南宁市区碳排放清单进行空间网格分配,提供区域尺度的高分辨率碳排网格化数据。结果表明：(1)2003-2013年林地、草地、水面比例逐年降低,耕地和人工表面逐年增长；南宁市区陆地生态系统植被碳储量为13.32TgC,植被平均碳密度达到2.07 kgC/m2,土壤碳储量为59.79TgC,土壤平均碳密度达到9.27kgC/m2; 2003-2013年转出率最大的为水面(转出率16.42%),大部分被开发为耕地和人工表面。(2)2003-2013年碳排总体呈递增趋势,由2003年7760450tCO2曾长至2013年18504951 tCO2,年平均增长率达10.18%；2013年,一级碳收支项目中,能源所占比例最大(81.19%)林业碳汇和土地覆盖转变对总碳排贡献为负(-0.70%),二级碳收支项目中,公路运输、工业能源、和水泥生产碳排最显著,分别占总碳排33.67%,29.47%,10.87%。(3)能源活动部门碳排,呈递增趋势,从能源结构分析,原煤和电力消耗的碳排贡献最大,分别占排放总量的46.99%和36.9%,从工业行业分析,非金属矿物制品等6个行业的碳排最为显著,总碳排达工业能源总碳排的80%以上；林业碳汇与土地覆盖部门中,林业碳汇逐年降低,由2003年616131 tCO2降至2013年579553 tCO2,土地覆盖转变造成的土壤碳排放为199038tCO2/yr,植被碳排放为251305 tCO2/yr。(4)南宁市区高碳排放企业大多分布于市中心以外区域,尤以西乡塘区和江南区分布居多；碳排放强度与土地覆盖类型、人口密度具有强相关性。
[Abstract]:The increase of CO2 has resulted in significant global Greenhouse Effect, which has a great negative impact on the global coastal zone, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery industry and social economy. Cities are the major contributors to global Greenhouse Effect, and the establishment of low-carbon cities has become a contemporary demand. It is urgent to establish a unified, standard and suitable carbon accounting system for Chinese cities. Based on this, this study summarized the carbon emission effects of land cover change at home and abroad, and analyzed the land ecosystem pattern and carbon storage change in Nanning urban area from 2003 to 2013, combined with remote sensing image data. At the same time, considering the carbon budget of natural and anthropogenic sources, the accounting of urban GHG is divided into five major sectors: energy activities, industrial production processes, agricultural activities, forestry carbon sinks and land cover transformation, and urban waste disposal, combined with the estimates of IPCC ICLEI and GPC inventory. A replicable, verifiable and reported system of accounting for urban carbon emissions was established, on the basis of which an associated framework of "land cover and carbon emissions" was constructed, with population grids, transport networks and industrial sites as supporting data. The spatial allocation method of carbon emission is innovated, and the spatial grid allocation of carbon emission inventory based on land cover in Nanning urban area is carried out to provide high-resolution carbon emission grid data at regional scale. The results showed that the proportion of forestland, grassland and water surface decreased year by year, and the cultivated land and artificial surface increased year by year from 2003 to 2013. The vegetation carbon storage of terrestrial ecosystem in Nanning was 13.32 TgC, the average vegetation carbon density was 2.07 kg C / m ~ 2, the soil carbon storage was 59.79 TgC, and the average soil carbon density was 9.27 kg C 路m ~ (2). In 2003-2013, the largest transposing rate was water surface (16.42%), most of which were developed as cultivated land. And artificial surface. The overall carbon emissions showed an increasing trend in 2003-2013. From 7760,450 t CO2 in 2003 to 18504951 TCO _ 2 in 2013, the average annual growth rate was 10.18 tons; in 2013, energy accounted for the largest proportion of first-level carbon budget projects.) Forestry carbon sinks and land cover transformation contributed negative -0.70% to total carbon emissions, and road transport in secondary carbon budget projects, Industrial energy, and cement production have the most significant carbon emissions, accounting for 33.67% of total carbon emissions and 29.47% of 10.87% of carbon emissions, respectively.) carbon emissions in the energy activities sector show an increasing trend. From the energy structure analysis, raw coal and electricity consumption contribute the most to carbon emissions. Accounting for 46.99% and 36.9% of the total emissions, respectively, the six industries, such as non-metal mineral products, accounted for 46.99% and 36.9% of the total emissions, respectively, and the total carbon emissions reached more than 80% of the total industrial energy emissions, while in the forestry carbon sinks and land cover sectors, the forestry carbon sinks decreased year by year. From 616131 t CO _ 2 in 2003 to 579553 t CO _ 2 in 2013, the soil carbon emission caused by land cover transformation was 199038 t CO _ 2 / yr, and the vegetation carbon emission was 251305 t CO _ 2 / yr. 4) the high carbon emission enterprises in Nanning urban area were mostly distributed outside the city center, especially in Xixiangtang area and Jiangnan district. Carbon emission intensity has strong correlation with land cover type and population density.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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