应用不同毒理学终点评估酚类物质的生态危害和风险

发布时间：2018-06-12 05:38

本文选题：酚类化学品 + 水生生物　；参考：《生态与农村环境学报》2016年02期

【摘要】：以我国典型湖泊、河流中检出率较高的五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、4-硝基酚、2,4-二硝基酚以及列入美国优先监测污染物的2-甲基-4,6-二硝基酚为研究对象,分别应用急性毒性终点、慢性致死效应终点和/或慢性非致死效应终点开展基于物种敏感度分布法和评估因子法的生态危害评估;在此基础上结合我国典型湖泊、河流中酚类物质实测浓度计算五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和4-硝基酚的长期风险商。结果表明,应用繁殖发育等慢性非致死效应终点得到的五氯酚、2,4-二硝基酚的5%物种危害浓度(HC5)明显低于其应用慢性致死效应终点得到的HC5。太湖、三江(松花江、长江、珠江)四河(辽河、海河、黄河、淮河)以及钱塘江水系中五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和4-硝基酚的水生态风险是可接受的。但五氯酚对我国三江四河的长期危害风险亟需引起关注,特别是对水生生物繁殖、发育和生长等的非致死性危害。
[Abstract]:The typical lakes and rivers of China with high detection rate of pentachlorophenol (PCP), 4-dichlorophenol, 4-trichlorophenol, 4-nitrophenol, and 2-methyl-4-dichlorophenol, which are listed as priority pollutants for monitoring in the United States, were used as the research objects. The acute toxicity endpoints were used respectively. The endpoints of chronic lethal effects and / or chronic non-lethal effects were used to assess ecological hazards based on species sensitivity distribution method and assessment factor method, and combined with typical lakes in China. The long-term risk quotient of pentachlorophenol 2o 4-dichlorophenol 2Dichlorophenol and 4-nitrophenol were calculated by the measured concentrations of phenols in rivers. The results showed that the 5% species hazard concentration of pentachlorophenol 2-4-dinitrophenol was significantly lower than that of chronic lethal endpoints. The water ecological risks of four rivers (Liaohe, Haihe, Huanghe, Huaihe) in Taihu Lake, Sanjiang River (Songhua River, Yangtze River, Pearl River) and in Qiantang River are acceptable. However, the long-term hazard risk of pentachlorophenol to three rivers and four rivers in China should be paid close attention to, especially the non-lethal harm to aquatic reproduction, development and growth.
【作者单位】：南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院;环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;
【基金】：国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA06A308)
【分类号】：X171.5

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