城市商业街区可吸入颗粒物扩散模拟与街区空间布局优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-13 15:40

本文选题：可吸入颗粒物 + 数值模拟　；参考：《沈阳建筑大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：大气颗粒物污染日益严重,中国已成为世界上大气污染最严重的国家之一；据NASA公布的一张世界空气质量地图显示,全球颗粒物污染最高的地区是北非以及中国的华北、华东和华中全部,中国大部分地区颗粒物平均浓度接近80微克/立方米,超出世界卫生组织规定的有关污染指标的8倍。中国政府网于2013年9月12日公开发布《大气污染防治行动计划》：要求经过五年努力,全国空气质量总体改善,重污染天气较大幅度减少；京津冀、长三角、珠三角等区域空气质量明显好转。以上事实充分表明,当前我国的空气颗粒物污染防治面临前所未有的压力,空气颗粒物污染防治不仅是保障城市健康发展的重要环境问题,而且已成为确保城市公共安全的重大社会问题。城市商业街区是使用频率最高的城市公共空间之一,也是空气污染物最易集聚的城市空间。建筑环境的复杂性、人流的多元性以及机动车保有量的激增,使临街建筑物附近和行人呼吸高度处的污染物浓度急剧提高,极大地加剧了城市商业街区空气污染的危害性。因此,商业街区往往是城市空气颗粒物污染的重灾区,商业街区空气污染防治已逐步成为城市化过程中急需应对的重要问题。当前可吸入颗粒已成为我国城市空气的首要污染物,尤其是可入肺的PM2.5,对其防治不仅是保障城市健康发展的环境问题,而且是影响公共安全的社会问题,特别是建筑空间结构复杂,人流量巨大的城市商业街区,影响尤为严重。本文通过分析国内外有关可吸入颗粒物污染扩散模拟方法的研究进展,根据对可吸入颗粒物扩散研究已经取得的成果,在城市气象条件的影响下,研究商业街区空间形态、建筑空间布局形式、街区建筑下垫面物理特性、污染源特性及强度等因素能够对可吸入颗粒物的扩散效应产生重要的影响。针对城市商业街区的空间布局特征,对可吸入颗粒物PM2.5影响下的城市商业街区的空间布局形式进行研究探讨。以数值模拟技术为基础,提出控制可吸入颗粒物污染、改善空气环境质量的城市商业街区空间规划布局策略。结合CAD和Sketchup建模软件,建立研究区域的基本模型,分析研究区--太原街的街区形式走向、建筑空间布局形式等空间信息；统计可吸入颗粒物的历史监测数据,结合实地样点调查,耦合分析城市气象要素和街区下垫面环境对扩散效应的影响,确定污染源的模型参数设置；利用计算流体力学(如FLUENT)软件对街区可吸入颗粒扩散的水平及垂直格局进行动态模拟,揭示在城市气候特征下可吸入颗粒的扩散范围、空间变化特征及分布规律,提出基于可吸入颗粒物扩散控制的城市商业街区空间布局优化方法。在本次研究中,重点分析了沈阳市太原街可吸入颗粒物扩散分布特征,通过太原街现状分析,提取了商业街区典型空间布局形式,并且进行了优化策略的研究,进而应用到沈阳市太原街整体空间布局优化策略中。通过fluent计算流体力学技术与街区空间布局的设计手法相结合,结果可以应用于东北地区相关的城市商业街区的改造和设计,对城市商业街区可吸入颗粒物的扩散与街区空间布局优化具有指导意义。
[Abstract]:China has become one of the most serious air pollution countries in the world. China has become one of the most serious air pollution countries in the world. According to a world air quality map published by NASA, the regions with the highest global particle pollution are the North Africa and China's North China, East China and central China, and the average concentration of particles in most parts of China is close to 80 micrograms / erect. Square rice is 8 times more than the pollution index stipulated by the WHO. The government network of China publicly released the action plan for the prevention and control of air pollution in September 12, 2013: after five years of effort, the air quality in the whole country is improved and the heavy pollution weather has been greatly reduced; the air quality in Beijing Tianjin Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta is obviously better. The above facts fully show that the prevention and control of air particulate pollution in our country is facing unprecedented pressure. The prevention and control of air particulate pollution is not only an important environmental problem for the healthy development of the city, but also a major social problem to ensure the public safety of the city. The city commercial block is the city public space with the highest frequency of use. One of them is the most convenient urban space for air pollutants. The complexity of the building environment, the multiplicity of human flow and the surge of motor vehicle retention make the concentration of pollutants at the height of the breathing height near the street buildings and pedestrians rapidly increase, which greatly aggravates the harm of air pollution in the urban commercial blocks. Therefore, commercial blocks are going The prevention and control of air pollution in commercial blocks has gradually become an important problem in the process of urbanization. At present, inhalable particulate matter has become the primary pollutant in urban air in China, especially the PM2.5 which can enter the lung, and its prevention and control is not only the environmental problem of ensuring the healthy development of the city, but also the prevention and control of the urban air pollution. It is a social problem affecting the public safety, especially the complex structure of the building space, and the urban commercial block with huge human flow is particularly serious. This paper analyzes the progress in the research on the diffusion simulation method of the inhalable particulate matter at home and abroad, and according to the achievements made in the study of the diffusion of the inhalable particulate matter, in the city weather strip Under the influence of the parts, the study of the spatial form of the commercial block, the layout of the building space, the physical characteristics of the underlying surface of the block, the characteristics of the pollution source and the intensity can have an important influence on the diffusion effect of the inhalable particulate matter. The urban commercial block is characterized by the spatial layout and the urban commerce under the influence of the inhalable particulate matter PM2.5. The spatial layout of the block is studied. Based on the numerical simulation technology, the spatial planning and layout strategy of urban commercial blocks is put forward to control the pollution of inhalable particles and improve the quality of the air environment. The basic model of the study area is established with the CAD and Sketchup modeling software, and the trend of the block form in the study area, Taiyuan street, is analyzed. Spatial information of space layout and other spatial information; statistics on the historical monitoring data of inhalable particulate matter, combined with field sample survey, coupling analysis of the influence of urban meteorological elements and block surface environment on the diffusion effect, determining the model parameters of the source of pollution; using computational fluid dynamics (such as FLUENT) software to expand the respirable particles in the block. The dynamic simulation of the scattered horizontal and vertical patterns was carried out to reveal the diffusion range, the characteristics and distribution of the inhalable particles under the urban climate, and the spatial distribution optimization method of urban commercial blocks based on the diffusion of inhalable particles was proposed. In this study, the inhalable particles in Taiyuan street in Shenyang were analyzed. The characteristics of diffusion distribution, through the analysis of the present situation of Taiyuan street, extracted the typical spatial layout form of the commercial block, and carried out the research on the optimization strategy, and then applied it to the overall spatial layout optimization strategy of Taiyuan street in Shenyang city. The results can be applied by the combination of the fluent calculation of fluid mechanics and the layout of the block space layout. The transformation and design of the related urban commercial blocks in the Northeast are of guiding significance to the diffusion of inhalable particulate matter and the optimization of the spatial layout of the blocks in the urban commercial blocks.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TU984.113;X169

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