厨房垃圾高效破碎除杂成套化装置设计与优化研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 12:21

本文选题：厨房垃圾 + 破碎除杂　；参考：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国居民生活水平的不断提高,城市生活垃圾的产生量与日俱增,生活垃圾合理化处理处置问题亟待解决。作为垃圾资源化利用的最佳处置方式之一厨房有机垃圾厌氧产沼能源化利用技术已被广泛研究及应用。然而,受我国居民生活方式和分类意识的影响,分类后的厨房垃圾中杂质率依然较高,未经破碎除杂处理的厨房垃圾如果直接进行厌氧发酵不仅会降低厌氧产沼反应器的生物质传质与转化效率,而且极易导致厌氧消化反应器彻底崩溃。为有效降低厨房垃圾杂质含量,确保厨房垃圾厌氧产沼反应器设备的稳定运行,本研究以杭州市分类产生的厨房垃圾为研究对象,设计与加工了一套厨房垃圾破碎除杂成套化装置,并开展了联机调试与优化试验。主要研究结果如下：(1)系统分析了杭州市城市生活垃圾分类产生的厨房垃圾理化性质。通过对杭州市厨房垃圾理化性质调研与分析发现,厨房垃圾可腐有机质组分平均达到68.36%,生物质中VS/TS高达71.43%,C/N平均值为15,表明厨房垃圾所含生物质可作为有机废弃物厌氧产沼能源化利用理想的材料；然而,分类产生的厨房垃圾杂质率高达30%以上,主要包括塑料、纺织物类、木竹类、玻璃类、砖瓦陶瓷类等,这些杂质的存在将严重制约其通过厌氧产沼工艺实现能源化利用。(2)以厨房垃圾生物质高效破碎和分步分段除杂理念为依据,提出两套厨房垃圾破碎除杂成套化装置概念设计方案,开展了厨房垃圾破碎、除杂、匀质于一体的厨房垃圾生物质纯化装置的设计,并进行了对比分析和评估。在此基础上,选择立式预处理装置概念设计方案,系统计算了各功能单元尺寸及功能参数,设计装置的总体尺寸为1.6 m×1.6 m×3.5m,整机运转所耗理论功率为41.91 kW,理论处理量为5t/h,单位物料处理理论比能耗为8.4 kW·h/t-垃圾。(3)运用三维Solidworks软件,结合传统系统设计参数,构建虚拟样机,同时运用FEA有限元分析对功能零件校核优化。开展了以虚拟样机为依据,完成各零部件材料选型、加工、装配和样机联机调试审核。并以模拟垃圾为试验对象,进一步优化功能区运行参数。模拟试验表明,装置整机运行可实现重物质去除率91%以上,生物质纯化率99%,整机设计调试运行效果达到设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of living standard of our country, the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing day by day, and the problem of disposal of MSW should be solved urgently. As one of the best disposal methods of garbage resource utilization, the energy utilization technology of anaerobic production marsh of kitchen organic waste has been widely studied and applied. However, influenced by the lifestyle and classification consciousness of the residents in China, the impurity rate in the classified kitchen garbage is still relatively high. Direct anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste without crushing and impurity removal will not only reduce the biomass mass transfer and conversion efficiency of anaerobic biogas reactor, but also lead to the complete collapse of anaerobic digestion reactor. In order to effectively reduce the impurity content of kitchen garbage and ensure the stable operation of the reactor equipment for kitchen garbage anaerobic production, this study took the kitchen garbage produced by the classification of Hangzhou as the research object. A complete set of kitchen garbage crushing and impurity removal device was designed and processed, and on-line debugging and optimization tests were carried out. The main results are as follows: (1) the physicochemical properties of kitchen garbage produced by the classification of urban domestic waste in Hangzhou were analyzed systematically. Based on the investigation and analysis of the physical and chemical properties of kitchen garbage in Hangzhou, it is found that, The average content of organic matter in kitchen garbage is 68.36%, and the average value of VS / TS in biomass is 71.43% C / N = 15, which indicates that the biomass contained in kitchen garbage can be used as an ideal material for the energy utilization of organic waste anaerobic production marsh. The rate of impurities produced by the classification of kitchen garbage is as high as 30%, mainly including plastics, textiles, wood and bamboo, glass, brick and tile ceramics, etc. The presence of these impurities will seriously restrict their energy utilization through anaerobic production marsh process.) based on the concept of efficient crushing of kitchen waste biomass and step by step removal of impurities, This paper puts forward two sets of conceptual design schemes of kitchen garbage crushing and impurity removal plant. The design of kitchen garbage crushing, removing and homogenizing kitchen garbage biomass purification device is carried out, and the comparative analysis and evaluation are carried out. On this basis, the conceptual design scheme of the vertical preprocessing device is selected, and the dimensions and parameters of each function unit are calculated systematically. The overall size of the design device is 1.6 m 脳 1.6 m 脳 3.5 m, the theoretical power consumption of the whole machine is 41.91 kW, the theoretical processing capacity is 5 t / h, the specific energy consumption of unit material treatment theory is 8.4 kW ht- garbage. At the same time, FEA finite element analysis is used to optimize the verification of functional parts. Based on virtual prototyping, the material selection, machining, assembly and on-line debugging of parts and components are completed. The running parameters of the functional area are further optimized by taking the simulated garbage as the experimental object. The simulation results show that the removal rate of heavy matter can be over 91%, and the purification rate of biomass is 99%. The design and commissioning of the whole machine can meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

【参考文献】