间歇扰动作用下的污染水体泥水同步净化研究

发布时间：2018-06-15 18:53

本文选题：扰动 + 上覆水　；参考：《安徽工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国地表水污染严重,其中浅水河湖大都遭到不同程度的污染,不仅对浅水河湖的水环境健康造成了严重的危害,更成为江海等大面积水域的污染源,因此,浅水河湖的污染修复一直是环境保护的重要研究课题。现有的修复技术可分为针对上覆水的清水置换、曝气复氧等,以及针对底泥的底泥疏浚、底泥掩蔽等,其不足在于对象单一、底泥污染释放导致上覆水水质复原快、净化效率低和效果持续时间短等,为此,本文进行了污染河湖修复技术的探索和试验研究。本课题提出了一种新的污染河湖修复新技术—间歇式强扰动技术,该技术旨在通过间歇式强扰动迫使富含污染物和微生物的底泥再悬浮,并分散在上覆水中,底泥中微生物吸附氧化水中污染物质,促进上覆水与底泥物质交换,改变水中溶解氧分布,从而使污染水体中的底泥和上覆水得到同步净化。为考察不同扰动条件下上覆水及底泥中污染物质含量变化及底泥形态变化,研究了扰动速率、扰动持续时间、扰动频率、温度等因素对间歇式强扰动技术的泥水净化效果的影响,并在优化参数组合条件下进行了不同污染水体的泥水净化试验,在实验室试验效果较好的前提下,进行了野外试验研究,为将间歇式强扰动技术应用于实际工程中,初步设计了污染水体泥水同步净化工程应用装置。实验室试验结果表明:1)上覆水中污染物质呈快速升高-逐步降低-波动稳定的变化规律,这主要是由于:原底泥中污染物质释放并溶解在上覆水中,底泥中污染物质含量减小,在此期间微生物得到驯化和增殖,此后大量微生物的吸附氧化作用降低了上覆水和底泥中污染物含量,最终实现污染上覆水和底泥的同步净化。2)扰动速率和扰动持续时间对泥水净化效果影响显著。扰动速率越大,扰动持续时间越长,上覆水-底泥之间物质交换越充分,泥水同步净化效果越显著,较为经济合理的扰动速率和扰动持续时间分别为90r·min-1和60s。3)上覆水和底泥温度在5~20℃范围内,泥水净化效果随温度的增加而提高,在20~30℃范围内,温度的提高对泥水净化效果的影响不明显,间歇式强扰动技术适用于水温高于20℃的环境中。4)扰动频率对泥水同步净化效果影响不明显。5)在优化参数组合条件下,探讨了不同污染水体的泥水同步净化效果,试验结果表明,间歇式强扰动技术对污染上覆水中COD、氨氮的去除率分别可达75.2%和58.1%,溶解氧含量由2.00mg·L-1以下升高至5.00mg·L-1以上,底泥中SCOD和烧失量的去除率分别可达76.8%和70.0%,达到了泥水同步净化的效果。在实验室试验效果较好的基础上,在安徽省马鞍山市万嘉河和东昌河进行了野外试验研究,结果表明:间歇式强扰动技术对万嘉河上覆水中COD和氨氮的去除率分别为65.7%和76.6%,底泥中SCOD和氨氮的去除率分别为76.4%和78.9%;对东昌河上覆水中COD和氨氮的去除率分别为72.0%和82.9%,底泥中SCOD和氨氮的去除率分别为84.2%和68.4%,泥水同步净化效果显著。在系统论的设计思想指导下,基于结构功能原理,筛选出优化后的污染水体泥水同步修复装置的结构设计方案。水体修复船包括船体、扰动、水草收割、漂浮物收集等多个系统,并简要介绍了该水体修复船的使用方法,为间歇式强扰动技术的工程应用提供提供参考和指导,并在此基础上申请发明专利一项。
[Abstract]:At present, the surface water pollution is serious in our country, of which the shallow water rivers and lakes are mostly polluted by different degrees, which not only cause serious harm to the water environment health of shallow rivers and lakes, but also become the source of pollution in the large area of river and sea. Therefore, the remediation of shallow water river and lake has always been an important research subject of environmental protection. It is divided into the water replacement of overlying water, aeration and reoxygenation, as well as the dredging of the bottom mud and the masking of the bottom mud. The deficiency lies in the single object, the release of the sediment pollution leads to the rapid recovery of the water quality of the overlying water, the low efficiency of the purification and the short duration of the effect. Therefore, this paper has carried out the exploration and Experimental Research on the remediation technology of the polluted river and lake. A new technology for the remediation of polluted rivers and lakes, a new technique of intermittent strong disturbance, is proposed. This technique is designed to force the sediment of pollutants and microorganisms to be suspended by intermittent strong disturbance and dispersed in the overlying water. The microbes in the sediment are adsorbed and oxidize the pollutants in the water, promote the exchange of overlying water with the sediment, and change the solubility of water in the water. In order to investigate the sediment and overlying water in the polluted water, the sediment and overlying water in the polluted water are purified simultaneously. In order to investigate the change of the content of the pollutants and the shape of the sediment in the overlying water and the sediment under different disturbance conditions, the effects of the disturbance rate, the duration of disturbance, the frequency and temperature of the disturbance on the purification effect of the mud water in the intermittent strong disturbance technology are studied. The mud water purification test of different polluted water was carried out under the optimized parameter combination condition. Under the condition of good experimental results, the field experiment was carried out. In order to apply the intermittent strong disturbance technology to the actual project, a preliminary design of the application device for the sludge water purification engineering in the polluted water body was designed. The results are as follows: 1) the pollution substances in the overlying water are rapidly increasing - gradually decreasing - the variation of the fluctuation and stability, which is mainly due to the release of the pollutants in the original sediment and dissolved in the overlying water, and the decrease of the content of the contaminated material in the sediment. During this period, the microorganism is domesticated and proliferated. After that, the adsorption and oxidation of a large number of microorganisms have been reduced. The amount of pollutants in the water and the sediment is finally realized by the simultaneous purification of the polluted water and sediment. The disturbance rate and the duration of the disturbance have a significant influence on the effect of the mud water purification. The greater the disturbance rate, the longer the duration of the disturbance, the more sufficient material exchange between the overlying water and the sediment, the more obvious effect of the mud water purification, the more economical and reasonable disturbance. The dynamic rate and the duration of the disturbance are 90r min-1 and 60s.3 respectively. The overlying water and the bottom mud temperature are in the range of 5~20 C. The effect of water purification increases with the increase of temperature. In the range of 20~30, the effect of temperature on the effect of water purification is not obvious. The intermittent strong disturbance technique is applicable to the disturbance frequency of the water temperature above 20 degrees C). The effect of rate on the effect of water synchronous purification is not obvious.5) under the optimized parameter combination conditions, the effect of simultaneous purification of mud water in different polluted water bodies is discussed. The experimental results show that the removal rate of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the polluted overlying water can be 75.2% and 58.1% respectively, and the dissolved oxygen content is increased from below 2.00mg to 5.00mg to L. Above -1, the removal rate of SCOD and burning loss in the sediment can reach 76.8% and 70% respectively, and the effect of simultaneous purification of mud water is achieved. On the basis of good experimental results in the laboratory, the field tests are carried out in the Wanjia River and the East Changchang River in Ma'anshan, Anhui Province. The results show that the intermittent strong disturbance technology has the COD and ammonia nitrogen in the overlying water of the Wanjia river. The removal rates of SCOD and ammonia nitrogen in the sediment are 76.4% and 78.9%, respectively, and the removal rates of COD and ammonia nitrogen in the overlying water of the Dongchang River are 72% and 82.9%, respectively, and the removal rates of SCOD and ammonia in the sediment are 84.2% and 68.4% respectively. In this paper, the structural design of the optimized equipment for the restoration of water water in polluted water is selected. The water restoration ship includes the hull, disturbance, water and grass harvesting, and the collection of floating objects, and gives a brief introduction to the method of using the restoration ship for the water body, providing reference and guidance for the engineering application of the intermittent strong disturbance technology. On this basis, an application for a patent for the invention of a patent is applied.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52

【相似文献】