从马克思主义自然观到生态学马克思主义简评

发布时间：2018-06-17 16:11

本文选题：人与自然 + 马克思主义自然观　；参考：《中共浙江省委党校》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当今社会科学技术飞快发展,人们物质文化生活得到了极大的满足,与此同时,环境污染、生态失衡的问题也层出不穷,给人类生存带来了巨大的挑战。深入研究马克思主义自然观的由来、形成,以及在当代的新发展,能够为我们在探讨马克思主义自然观、从理论上来分析人与自然和谐相处时打开了新的思路。首先,本文介绍了马克思主义自然观产生的背景以及理论渊源,人类生产生活活动的展开、自然科学的发展,人们在对于自然的认识上已经落后于时代,古代朴素唯物主义自然观、黑格尔客观唯心主义辩证法自然观、费尔巴哈人本主义自然观等对于人与自然关系揭示已不能说明当前现实,不能满足人类社会发展的需要。然后,本文通过说明马克思对于传统自然观的扬弃,具体分析了马克思主义自然观的基本内容,马克思认为,自然是人类存在的前提,人是自然的一部分,而正是通过劳动的进行才促进了人与自然、自然与社会的统一。在马克思看来,自然界的存在与发展有其自身的规律,人类应该尊重其规律,违背自然规律正是人与自然相对抗的认识论根源。人只有遵守自然规律,不妄图去创造自然、统治自然,与自然进行和解,人类才能真正的享有自然赐予我们的一切,人与自然才能和谐发展。最后,本文探讨了20世纪以来的两大主要的马克思主义自然观点:西方马克思主义自然观和生态学马克思主义。以法兰克福学派为代表的西方马克思主义学者们提出生态危机理论,强调“异化”、工具理性对人与自然关系的破坏,主张人们需要改变消费观,用美学原则来美化自然,同时转变人类生产模式。“生态学马克思主义”流派在继承和发展法兰克福学派生态危机理论的基础上引入生态学的观点,强调资本主义的进一步发展必然会导致自然资源的锐减、生态平衡的破坏,人与自然矛盾的激化。他们研究摆脱异化消费怪圈的方案,建立“稳态经济模式”,由高污染的资本主义过渡到“稳态经济的社会主义”。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, with the rapid development of science and technology, people's material and cultural life has been greatly satisfied. At the same time, the problems of environmental pollution and ecological imbalance have emerged in endlessly, which has brought great challenges to the survival of human beings. A thorough study of the origin, formation and new development of Marxist view of nature, as well as its new development, can open a new way for us to explore Marxist view of nature and analyze the harmony between man and nature in theory. First of all, this paper introduces the background and theoretical origin of Marxist concept of nature, the development of human production and life activities, the development of natural science, and people's understanding of nature has fallen behind the times. The natural view of ancient simple materialism, Hegel's objective idealist dialectics and Feuerbach's humanistic view of nature can no longer explain the present reality and meet the needs of the development of human society. Then, by explaining Marx's sublation of the traditional view of nature, this paper concretely analyzes the basic content of the Marxist view of nature. Marx believes that nature is the premise of human existence, and that man is a part of nature. And it is through labor to promote the unity of man and nature, nature and society. In Marx's view, the existence and development of nature has its own laws, and human beings should respect its laws, which is the epistemological root of the confrontation between man and nature. Only by obeying the laws of nature, not attempting to create nature, ruling nature, and conciliating with nature, can human beings truly enjoy everything that nature has given us, and man and nature can develop harmoniously. Finally, this paper discusses two major Marxist natural viewpoints since the 20th century: Western Marxist natural view and ecological Marxism. The western Marxist scholars, represented by Frankfurt School, put forward the theory of ecological crisis, emphasizing "alienation" and the destruction of the relationship between man and nature by instrumental rationality. They argued that people need to change their consumption view and beautify nature with aesthetic principles. At the same time change the mode of human production. On the basis of inheriting and developing the theory of ecological crisis of Frankfurt school, the school of "ecological Marxism" introduces the viewpoint of ecology, and emphasizes that the further development of capitalism will inevitably lead to the sharp decrease of natural resources and the destruction of ecological balance. The intensification of the contradiction between man and nature. They studied how to get rid of the strange circle of dissimilatory consumption, set up a "steady state economy model", and transition from highly polluting capitalism to "steady economy socialism".
【学位授予单位】：中共浙江省委党校
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：A81;X2

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