生命周期评价及生命周期成本分析集成方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 19:51

本文选题：生命周期评价 + 生命周期成本分析　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生命周期评价作为一种重要的环境管理工具,在辅助政府、企业决策,推进可持续发展的进程中起着十分积极的作用。但就企业层面而言,单纯的生命周期评价并不能作为指导企业决策的决定性依据,只能作为辅助性参考,其原因主要是由于企业是利益导向的组织,谋求利益的最大化仍是企业经济的最终目标,且企业的经济效益与企业的可持续发展紧密相关。因此,将生命周期评价与其他的经济分析方法相结合,构建一个环境、经济综合考虑的评价指标体系是解决这一问题的关键途径之一。本文在生命周期理论的基础上,将生命周期评价与生命周期成本分析相结合,旨在通过集成方法的研究得到单一的评价结果,并通过这一评价结果综合反映该产品或工艺的环境性能和经济效益,有利于指导企业行为,为企业和政府作出高效决策提供科学依据。不仅如此,由于现阶段及未来很长时间内国际社会对于能源领域的高度重视,本文还将能源指标纳入综合指标体系,力求构建一个环境、成本、能源三方面综合考虑的评价体系。本文首先对生命周期评价及生命周期成本分析的国内外研究现状做了分析和总结,分别论述了LCA和LCC的理论方法及技术框架,为后续的集成研究奠定基础。本文在集成方法研究之前,对于LCA领域的研究情况和热点进行了文献计量分析,旨在通过该方法研究掌握LCA领域特性及发展情况。随后,本文对LCA和LCC集成的必要性及研究方法上存在的差异进行了论述,利用层次分析法和TOPSIS法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution)构建了综合考虑环境、成本、能源三方面的集成方法体系,并在此基础上将其应用到危险品包装的三种形式——钢桶、塑料桶和钢塑复合IBC的选择中,挑选环境、成本、能源三者综合效益最优解,为企业提供指导性意见。
[Abstract]:As an important environmental management tool, life cycle assessment plays a very active role in assisting the government, enterprise decision-making and promoting the process of sustainable development. But on the enterprise level, the simple life cycle evaluation can not be used as a decisive basis for guiding the decision of the enterprise, only as a supplementary reference, the main reason is that As the enterprise is a benefit oriented organization, the maximization of the interests is still the ultimate goal of the enterprise economy, and the economic benefit of the enterprise is closely related to the sustainable development of the enterprise. Therefore, the life cycle evaluation and other economic analysis methods are combined to build an environment and the comprehensive economic evaluation index system is to solve this problem. On the basis of life cycle theory, this paper combines life cycle evaluation with life cycle cost analysis, and aims to get a single evaluation result through the study of integrated method. Through this evaluation result, it can reflect the environmental performance and economic benefits of the product or process, which is beneficial to guiding the enterprise. It provides a scientific basis for the efficient decision-making of enterprises and governments. Not only this, because the international community attaches great importance to the energy field for a long time in the future and in the future, this paper also puts energy indicators into the comprehensive index system, and strives to build a comprehensive evaluation system for the three aspects of the environment, cost and energy. The domestic and foreign research status of life cycle evaluation and life cycle cost analysis are analyzed and summarized. The theoretical methods and technical frameworks of LCA and LCC are discussed respectively, which lays the foundation for the follow-up integration research. This paper has carried out bibliometric analysis to the research situation and hot spots in the field of LCA before the research of integrated methods, aiming at the purpose of this study. In this paper, the characteristics and development of LCA field are studied. Then, the necessity of LCA and LCC integration and the differences in the research methods are discussed. Using the analytic hierarchy process and the TOPSIS method (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an), the comprehensive consideration of three aspects of the environment, cost and energy is constructed. On this basis, it will be applied to three forms of dangerous goods packaging - steel barrel, plastic bucket and steel plastic composite IBC selection, selecting the environment, cost, and the optimal solution of the comprehensive benefits of the three energy sources, providing guidance for the enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X820.3

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