功能化腈纶纤维的合成及其对金属离子的选择性识别和吸附

发布时间：2018-06-24 13:05

本文选题：腈纶纤维 + 变色　；参考：《天津大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,社会经济高速发展,人们生活水平逐年提高,与此同时环境问题也日益凸显。水体污染尤其是重金属污染严重影响生态平衡和人类身体健康。所以水中重金属离子的识别和去除成为人们研究的热点。本文的第一部分是将苯并噻唑半花菁染料固载到胺化的腈纶纤维上,得到了一种新型比色探针苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化腈纶纤维PANBEF,实现了对水中汞离子的高选择性和高敏感性变色识别。本文的第二部分是将半胱氨酸固载到胺化的腈纶纤维上,得到了半胱氨酸功能化腈纶纤维PANCTF,它能高效地去除水中的多种重金属离子,尤其是银离子,而对水中有利的轻离子吸附效果很差。本文的第一部分内容是以腈纶纤维为原料,使其与乙二胺的水溶液反应得到乙二胺胺化的腈纶纤维,然后通过Mannich反应将苯并噻唑半花菁染料固载到乙二胺胺化纤维上,制得一种新的比色纤维-苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化纤维。并且通过红外光谱、元素分析、X射线粉末衍射和固体紫外-可见光谱对其进行了表征。系统测试了深红色的苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化纤维的吸附性能。将其分别浸泡在H2O、Na+、Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cr3+、Mn2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Hg2+和Pb2+溶液中,只有在Hg2+溶液中它转变为橙黄色,在水和其它金属离子溶液中,其深红色保持不变。即使在汞离子的乙二胺四乙酸二钠的溶液中,它也可以由深红色变为橙黄色。它对汞离子的响应时间小于3min,可以在pH为3-11的范围内使用。这都说明苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化纤维对汞离子有很强的络合能力。除此之外,苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化纤维还可以吸附镍离子和铅离子等有毒金属离子。这样苯并噻唑半花菁染料功能化纤维除了对汞离子选择性识别外,还可以作为汞和其它有毒金属离子的去除剂。本文的第二部分仍以腈纶纤维为原料,使其与三乙烯四胺的水溶液反应制取三乙烯四胺胺化的腈纶纤维。然后在碱性条件下,三乙烯四胺胺化纤维与L-半胱氨酸乙酯盐酸盐反应得到半胱氨酸固载的胺化纤维PANCTF。并通过红外光谱对其进行了表征。测定了半胱氨酸功能化纤维对不同金属离子(Mg2+、Al3+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ag+、Cd2+、Hg2+和Pb2+)的吸附量,发现它对银离子的吸附效果最佳,对其它有害重金属离子也有较高的吸附量,而对镁、铝和钙这几种无毒金属离子基本上没有吸附。而且可以通过简单的过滤使吸附重金属离子后的纤维与污水分离。这对半胱氨酸功能化纤维用于污水处理非常有利。接着本文系统研究了半胱氨酸功能化纤维对银离子的吸附。测定了pH值对吸附量的影响、分析了半胱氨酸功能化纤维对银离子吸附的动力学和热力学特性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards have been improved year by year, meanwhile, environmental problems have become increasingly prominent. Water pollution, especially heavy metal pollution, seriously affects ecological balance and human health. Therefore, the recognition and removal of heavy metal ions in water has become a hot topic. The first part of this paper is to immobilize benzothiazole hemicyanine dye onto the aminated acrylic fiber. A novel colorimetric probe, Benzothiazole hemicyanine dye, has been developed for the functionalization of acrylic fiber PANBEF.The identification of mercury ions in water with high selectivity and sensitivity has been achieved. The second part of this paper is to immobilize cysteine onto the aminated acrylic fiber and obtain the cysteine functionalized acrylic fiber PANCTF, which can efficiently remove many heavy metal ions in water, especially silver ions. But the light ion adsorption effect is very poor. In the first part of this paper, Acrylic fiber was prepared by the reaction of acrylic fiber with ethylenediamine aqueous solution, and then the benzothiazole semi-cyanine dye was immobilized on the ethylenediamine fiber by Mannich reaction. A new colorimetric fiber, benzothiazole hemianthocyanine dyestuff, was prepared. It was characterized by IR, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction and solid UV-Vis spectra. The adsorption properties of the crimson benzothiazole hemicyanine dyes were systematically tested. It was soaked in H _ 2O _ (Na) Na, mg _ (2) O _ (2) Al _ (3) O _ (2) C _ (2) O _ (3) Cr _ (3) O _ (2) C _ (2) O _ (2) Co _ (2) O _ (2) Cu _ (2) O _ (2) Cu _ (2) and Zn _ (2) O _ (2) Ag _ (2) O _ (2) Hg _ (2) and Pb _ (2) solutions respectively. Even in the solution of ethylenediamine tetraacetate disodium of mercury ion, it can change from crimson to orange. Its response time to mercury ion is less than 3 min and can be used in the range of pH 3-11. All these indicate that the functionalized fiber of benzothiazole hemicyanine dye has strong complexing ability to mercury ion. In addition, benzothiazole hemicyanine dyes functionalized fibers can also adsorb toxic metal ions such as nickel ion and lead ion. In this way, the functional fibers of benzothiazole hemicyanine dyes can be used as removal agents for mercury and other toxic metal ions in addition to the selective recognition of mercury ions. In the second part of this paper, the acrylic fiber is still used as raw material to react with the aqueous solution of triethylenetetramine to produce triethylenetetraamine acrylonitrile fiber. Then the triethylenetetraamine fiber reacted with L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride under the basic condition to obtain the cysteine-immobilized PANCTF fiber. It was characterized by IR spectra. The adsorption capacity of cysteine functionalized fiber to different metal ions (Mg2Al3, Ca2 + Cu2, Zn2 +, Zn2 +, Hg2 and PB2) was determined. It was found that the adsorption effect of cysteine functionalized fiber on silver ions and other harmful heavy metal ions was higher, but on magnesium. Aluminum and calcium, which are nontoxic metal ions, are basically not adsorbed. Moreover, the fibers adsorbed heavy metal ions can be separated from sewage by simple filtration. This is beneficial to the use of cysteine functionalized fibers in wastewater treatment. Then the adsorption of silver ions by cysteine functionalized fibers was studied systematically. The effect of pH value on the adsorption capacity was determined and the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of silver ion adsorption by cysteine functionalized fibers were analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703;TQ342.31

【参考文献】