社会资本视阈下农村生态环境治理研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 00:52

本文选题：社会资本 + 农村　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态环境是人类赖以生存和发展的基础。农村区域作为资源的主要提供者、污染的承受者,对国家社会经济良好运转至关重要,而生态环境的治理在国家城乡二元体制下,重城市轻农村,对农村关注少,导致农村生态环境日益恶化。我国农村生态环境呈现出工业污染蔓延农村、农业污染加剧、生活区环境日益恶化的情境。在治理方式上,存在着政府与市场双重失灵,一是政府的法律法规不健全、“寻租”活动的存在、获取信息有限、治理投入不足等因素导致政府失灵;二是农村生态环境具有公共物品属性、经济外部性、环境的“公有地悲剧”和“私有地悲剧”等特点,加之农村资源市场产权不健全,导致的市场失灵。从微观到中观再到宏观对社会资本进行了梳理,阐释了从布尔迪厄到科尔曼再到帕特南的社会资本观点,分析界定了社会资本的三大要素:关系网络、规范和信任。总结了农村社会资本的特点,关系网络呈现联系稠密、分布均匀;信任半径延伸、人际信任为主;规范以非正式规范为主。并建立起社会资本与农村生态环境治理的关系链接,认为关系网络能为个体与组织及政府搭建一个信息沟通的平台,互惠、惩罚的规范能够破解集体行动的困境,达成共识,信任能为治理各主体提供有效支撑。通过对个案分析,发现社会资本的运用不仅能就农村非正式组织与政府合作解决问题,还能通过组织内部不依赖政府自发解决问题。关系网络内部对网络外的行为具有强大的制约力,但关系网络内部对内部个体或组织的排斥力没有前者明显或者无效,需要外力介入才能有效。农村生态环境治理绩效的提升可能是其他行动结果的副产品。最后,从社会资本的角度对农村环境治理提出对策建议,一是改造传统的社会资本以适应现在社会的治理要求;二是发展经济增强农村公共服务自给和吸引外出人员回流增加社会资本存量;三是促进民间组织的发展,提供正式规范和互惠信任的平台;四是建立民间与政府等治理主体的信息沟通平台,提升信任促进信息交流,为治理提供支持;五是大力宣传生态环境知识,促进农民生态环境意识提高。
[Abstract]:Ecological environment is the basis of human survival and development. As the main provider of resources, rural areas are the carriers of pollution, which is of great importance to the good operation of the national society and economy. However, under the dual system of urban and rural areas, the ecological environment management pays more attention to the cities than the countryside, and pays little attention to the rural areas. As a result, the rural ecological environment is deteriorating day by day. The rural ecological environment of our country presents the situation that the industrial pollution spreads to the countryside, the agricultural pollution intensifies, and the living area environment deteriorates day by day. In the way of governance, there are double failures between the government and the market. One is that the government's laws and regulations are not perfect, the existence of "rent-seeking" activities, the limited access to information, the insufficient investment in governance and other factors lead to government failure; Secondly, the rural ecological environment has the characteristics of public goods, economic externality, the tragedy of public land and private land, and the imperfect property right of rural resource market, which leads to market failure. This paper combs social capital from micro to meso to macro, explains the viewpoint of social capital from Bourdieu to Coleman to Patnam, and analyzes and defines three elements of social capital: relationship network, norm and trust. The characteristics of rural social capital are summarized. The relationship network is dense and evenly distributed; the radius of trust is extended and interpersonal trust is dominant; the norm is informal norm. The relationship between social capital and rural ecological environment governance is established. The relationship network can build an information communication platform for individuals, organizations and governments. The norms of reciprocity and punishment can solve the plight of collective action and reach a consensus. Trust can provide effective support for the governance of the main body. Through the case study, it is found that the use of social capital can solve the problem not only by cooperating with the government on the rural informal organization, but also by not relying on the government to solve the problem spontaneously within the organization. The behavior outside the network is restricted by the internal of the relational network, but the repulsive force of the internal network is not obvious or ineffective than the former, and requires the intervention of the external force to be effective. The improvement of rural ecological environment governance performance may be the by-product of other actions. Finally, from the point of view of social capital, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for rural environmental governance: first, to reform the traditional social capital to meet the current social governance requirements; The second is to develop the economy to strengthen the self-sufficiency of rural public services and to attract people to return to increase the stock of social capital, the third is to promote the development of civil society organizations, to provide a platform for formal norms and mutual trust; The fourth is to establish the information communication platform between civil and government and other governing bodies, to promote trust and information exchange, to provide support for governance; fifth, to vigorously promote ecological environmental knowledge, promote farmers' awareness of ecological environment.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X321

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