西藏高原生态系统服务时空格局及其变化特征

发布时间：2018-06-29 16:27

本文选题：西藏高原 + 水源涵养　；参考：《自然资源学报》2016年04期

【摘要】：西藏高原是我国国家生态安全格局中至关重要的区域,维护提升其生态屏障功能是该区生态保护的核心目标。论文分析了1990—2010年西藏高原生态系统类型及其服务能力的时空变化格局,开展近20 a生态屏障功能的综合评估。结果表明:1)近20 a,西藏高原生态系统宏观格局稳定少动,森林、水体与湿地面积略有增加,草地、荒漠面积减少;2)森林、草地、湿地生态系统水源涵养量为895.19×10~8m~3,平均单位面积水源涵养量为744.48 m~3/hm~2,近20 a水源涵养服务在波动中有所提升;3)水蚀区土壤水蚀模数为3 876 t/km~2,土壤水蚀量为10.31×10~8t,生态系统土壤保持服务保有率为66.3%,近20 a土壤侵蚀量下降,而土壤保持服务保有率呈持续上升趋势;4)土壤风蚀模数为1 581.2 t/km~2,土壤风蚀量为18.99×10~8t,防风固沙服务保有率为66.5%,近20 a由于风场强度减弱与植被覆盖度增加,土壤风蚀量下降,而生态系统防风固沙服务保有率持续提升;5)森林、草地、湿地碳固定服务量为1.95 Pg C,从前10 a略有下降态势转变为后10 a轻微上升趋势。
[Abstract]:Tibetan Plateau is the most important area in China's national ecological security pattern, and the core goal of ecological protection is to maintain and enhance its ecological barrier function. In this paper, the temporal and spatial variation patterns of ecosystem types and their service capacity in Tibetan Plateau from 1990 to 2010 were analyzed, and the comprehensive assessment of ecological barrier function in recent 20 years was carried out. The results showed that the macroscopical pattern of the Tibetan plateau ecosystem was stable and less active, the area of forest, water and wetland increased slightly, the grassland and desert area decreased 2) the forest and grassland decreased in nearly 20 years. The water conservation capacity of wetland ecosystem is 895.19 脳 10 ~ (8) m ~ (3), the average water conservation amount per unit area is 744.48 m ~ (3) / hm ~ (2), and the water conservation service has been improved in recent 20 years. The soil water erosion modulus is 3 876 t / km ~ (2), the soil water loss is 10.31 脳 10 ~ (8) t, and the soil water loss is 10. 31 脳 10 ~ (8) t in the water erosion area. The soil maintenance service retention rate was 66.3%, and the soil erosion decreased in the last 20 years. However, the retention rate of soil maintenance service showed an increasing trend. 4) the soil wind erosion modulus was 1 581.2 t / km ~ (-2), the soil wind erosion rate was 18.99 脳 10 ~ (8) t, and the retention rate of wind and sand fixation service was 66.5%. In the last 20 years, the wind erosion decreased due to the decrease of wind field intensity and the increase of vegetation coverage. However, the retention rate of windbreak and sand fixation services in ecosystem continued to increase. (5) the amount of carbon fixation services in forest, grassland and wetland was 1.95 PG C, which decreased slightly in the previous 10 years and changed to a slight upward trend in the last 10 years.
【作者单位】：中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所;环境保护部南京环境科学研究所;山西省环境规划院;
【基金】：中国科学院西部行动计划(KZCX2-XB3-08-01)~~
【分类号】：X171

【相似文献】