新疆伊犁河谷地下水污染与防污性能研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 20:27

本文选题：污染 + 水质评价　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：新疆伊犁河谷西部紧邻哈萨克斯坦,有中国陆路最大的通商口岸(霍尔果斯口岸),是新疆主要的粮、油、糖、肉生产基地,在国民经济中占有重要的地位。该区降水丰沛但分布很不均匀,蒸发强烈,河流纵横,但多为季节性河流,地下水仍旧是该区生产、生活用水的主要水源。该区农牧业相当发达,农牧污染较严重。因此,进行地下水污染和防污性能研究,对了解该地区地下水水质、污染现状,有效防治地下水污染,保障饮水安全等,都具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。本文依托中国地质调查局《新疆伊犁河谷地下水循环演化机理及污染防控研究》课题,以伊犁河谷浅层地下水为研究对象,综合利用水样测试结果和地下水污染调查所取得的资料,评价研究区地下水水质及污染现状,分析水质超标组分、污染点的分布及污染原因,并开展地下水防污性能研究,为研究区地下水资源开发利用和保护提供依据。根据所采集的77组地下水样品测试结果,采用单指标评价法、F值法和改进的尼梅罗指数法对地下水水质进行评价。单指标评价结果表明:Na+、Mg2+、SO42-、总硬度(TH)和溶解性总固体(TDS)的超标是影响研究区地下水质量的最主要因素。F值评分法的超标率为35.06%,改进的尼梅罗指数法超标率为10.39%;研究区整体水质较好,超标点分布与人类活动密切相关。用格鲁布斯法(Grubbs)和夏皮洛-威尔克(Shapiro-Wilk)检验法确定了该地区地下水背景值。采用单指标污染标准指数评价法和综合评价法对地下水污染状况进行评价,结果表明研究区以未污染、轻度污染和中度污染水体为主,中、重度污染样品点则集中分布于新源县县城往西到巩留县县城、伊犁河察布查尔县和伊宁市段两岸两个区域,并且与主要污染源的分布基本一致;SO42-、NO3-、TH和TDS是造成地下水污染的主要指标,局部地下水NO3-超标是由于人类活动以及牲畜粪便引起的地下水污染。结合研究区水文地质特征,利用DRASTIC方法,并结合GIS软件,对研究区进行地下水防污性能研究。结果显示:研究区大部分地区防污性能较好,38.88%的地区地下水的防护条件一般。研究区工业随不发达,但农业和畜牧业很发达,居民地较集中,生活垃圾肆意堆放现象较普遍,增加了地下水受污染的可能性,故应当引起重视,加强保护意识。
[Abstract]:Xinjiang Yili River Valley is close to Kazakhstan in the west and has the largest trade port (Horgos Port) in China. It is the main production base of grain, oil, sugar and meat in Xinjiang, and plays an important role in the national economy. The precipitation in this area is abundant but uneven, the evaporation is intense, the rivers are vertical and horizontal, but most of them are seasonal rivers. Groundwater is still the main source of water for production and living in this area. Agriculture and animal husbandry in this area is quite developed, agricultural and animal husbandry pollution is more serious. Therefore, the study of groundwater pollution and pollution prevention is of great theoretical significance and practical value in understanding the groundwater quality and pollution status, effectively preventing and controlling groundwater pollution and ensuring the safety of drinking water in this area. Based on the subject of the China Geological Survey, "study on the mechanism of groundwater cycle evolution and pollution prevention and control in Yili River Valley, Xinjiang", this paper takes the shallow groundwater of the Yili River Valley as the research object. By synthetically using the test results of water samples and the data obtained from the investigation of groundwater pollution, the groundwater quality and pollution status in the study area are evaluated, the components of water quality exceeding the standard, the distribution of pollution points and the causes of pollution are analyzed, and the anti-pollution performance of groundwater is studied. It provides the basis for the development, utilization and protection of groundwater resources in the study area. According to the test results of 77 groups of groundwater samples, the single index evaluation method and the modified Nimero index method were used to evaluate the groundwater quality. The results of single index evaluation show that the surpassing of total hardness (th) and dissolved total solid (TDs) is the most important factor affecting the groundwater quality in the study area. The surpassing rate of F value scoring method is 35.06 and that of the improved Nimero index method is 10.39. The overall water quality in the area is relatively good. The over-punctuation distribution is closely related to human activities. The background values of groundwater in this area were determined by Grubbs and Shapiro-Wilk methods. The single index pollution index evaluation method and the comprehensive evaluation method are used to evaluate the groundwater pollution. The results show that the study area is mainly unpolluted, mildly polluted and moderately polluted. The heavily polluted sample sites are concentrated in the two areas of the banks of Xinyuan County to Gongliu County, Yili River Chabuchar County and Yining City. And it is basically consistent with the distribution of main sources of pollution that so _ 42-no _ 3-O _ 3-TH and TDs are the main indicators to cause groundwater pollution, and local groundwater no _ 3- exceeding the standard is caused by human activities and livestock feces. Based on the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area, the anti-pollution performance of groundwater in the study area was studied by using the DRASTIC method and GIS software. The results show that 38.88% of the areas with good antifouling performance in the study area have general protection conditions. The industry of the research area is undeveloped, but the agriculture and animal husbandry are very developed, the resident land is more concentrated, and the phenomenon of domestic garbage is more common, which increases the possibility of the groundwater being polluted, so we should pay attention to it and strengthen the consciousness of protection.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X523

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