废旧橡胶轮胎颗粒的吸附性能及其曝气生物滤池处理模拟生活污水的实验研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 19:56

本文选题：废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒 + 吸附　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：针对污染日益污染严重的水体环境问题,国家在排放水质方面制定了越来越严格的标准,研发高效、经济的水处理技术已成为水污染控制领域研究的重点;同时,困扰着人类的另外一个环境问题就是废旧橡胶轮胎的随意堆放,即“黑色污染”。随着汽车工业的急剧发展,产生出大量的废旧橡胶轮胎不能及时的处理。因此,废旧橡胶轮胎的处理、资源化及再利用业已引起关注。将废旧轮胎橡胶处理为颗粒后,表面变得粗糙,增大了它的比表面积,且由于颗粒的粒径小,颗粒与颗粒之间的空隙增多,有望应用于污水处理过程中的过滤截留环节。本文以废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒为材料,研究了橡胶颗粒对水中典型污染物氨氮、苯酚和磷的吸附作用,以此为基础,探究了橡胶颗粒填料曝气生物滤池处理模拟生活污水的效果,目的在于“以废治废”,将废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒资源化再利用,使其有望成为新型的水处理技术中填料材料。首先,分别研究了橡胶颗粒对氨氮、苯酚及磷的吸附性能,考察了不同接触时间、pH值、橡胶颗粒投加量、污染物初始浓度及温度对橡胶颗粒吸附效果的影响。并应用吸附动力学、吸附等温方程及吸附热力学方程对实验数据进行了拟合。实验结果表明,对氨氮吸附平衡时间是6 h,吸附动力学方程符合准二级动力学方程;在pH值为7.5时,橡胶颗粒对废水中氨氮有较好的吸附效果;Langmuir方程能更好地描述橡胶颗粒对氨氮的等温吸附特性;橡胶颗粒的适宜用量是0.1 g,在此条件下对模拟废水中氨氮吸附量是1.31 mg/g,并且吸附过程是自发的吸热过程,升高温度有利于吸附;吸附机理是单分子层的化学吸附和简单的物理吸附。对苯酚的吸附结果是:在25℃下,橡胶颗粒用量为0.1 g,苯酚溶液pH值为6.0,反应时间为4 h,苯酚的去除率可达到86%。橡胶颗粒对苯酚的吸附量随其初始浓度的增加而增加,呈线性关系。该吸附过程符合Langmuir单层吸附模型,其动力学更好地符合准二级反应动力学方程,热力学参数吸附焓变△H0=5.932 kJ/mol,熵变△S0=0.0247 kJ/mol·K,对苯酚的吸附为自发吸热过程。橡胶颗粒对磷吸附的平衡时间是14 h,含磷溶液的pH值为10.0时,对磷的吸附量达到最大。随着橡胶颗粒的用量增加,对磷的吸附量呈减小的趋势,该吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附模型,其动力学符合准二级反应动力学方程,同样对磷的吸附是自发的吸热过程。吸附机理是化学吸附。由此得出,橡胶颗粒对水中三种不同类型的污染物有良好的吸附作用,这将为曝气生物滤池作填料处理污水的应用奠定了基础。其次,研究了橡胶颗粒填料曝气生物滤池处理模拟生活污水的效果。挂膜方式采用的是先浸泡橡胶颗粒、闷曝再连续进水培养的方式,启动挂膜阶段对CODCr、NH3-N及P的平均去除率分别为55.30%、50%和91.90%。经过一段时间的正常运行,对模拟生活污水中CODCr、NH3-N及P的平均去除率分别为63.51%、43.27%和89.41%。在水温为17-20℃、气水比为5:1、水力负荷在0.208、0.312和0.424 m3/m2·h的运行条件下,分别在30、45、60及75 cm处取样,发现水力负荷为0.208 m3/m2·h、滤料层高度为45cm时,即可得到较高的去除率。由此可见,橡胶颗粒填料曝气生物滤池处理模拟生活污水效果较好,尤其在除磷方面效果明显,给实际处理生活污水提供依据。今后在运行条件、橡胶颗粒的粒径、表面性能等方面加以改善,其将有望成为曝气生物滤池工艺中一种新型的填料。
[Abstract]:In view of the serious pollution of the polluted water environment, the state has made more and more strict standards for the water quality, and the research and development of efficient and economical water treatment technology has become the focus of the study of water pollution control. At the same time, the other environmental problem that has plagued human beings is the random stacking of waste rubber tires, that is, "black" Pollution ". With the rapid development of the automobile industry, a large number of waste rubber tyres can not be treated in time. Therefore, the treatment, resource and reuse of waste rubber tyres have attracted attention. After the waste tire rubber is treated as particles, the surface becomes rough, and its specific surface area is increased, and the particle size is small and particles are small. The gap between the particles and the particles is increased and is expected to be applied to the filtration and interception in the process of sewage treatment. The adsorption of the rubber particles on the typical pollutants, ammonia nitrogen, phenol and phosphorus, is studied in this paper. On the basis of this, the rubber particle stuffing biological aerated filter is studied to treat the simulated sewage. The purpose is to use waste to treat waste and reuse the waste tire rubber particles, so that it is expected to be a new type of packing material in water treatment technology. First, the adsorption properties of rubber particles on ammonia, phenol and phosphorus are studied. The pH value, the amount of rubber particles, the initial concentration of pollutants and the initial concentration of the pollutants are investigated. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of rubber particles. The experimental data were fitted by adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm equation and adsorption thermodynamic equation. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium time of ammonia nitrogen was 6 h and the adsorption kinetic equation accorded with the quasi two order kinetic equation; when the pH value was 7.5, the rubber particles had the ammonia nitrogen in the wastewater. The Langmuir equation can better describe the isothermal adsorption properties of rubber particles to ammonia nitrogen; the suitable dosage of rubber particles is 0.1 g, and the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in simulated wastewater is 1.31 mg/g under this condition, and the adsorption process is spontaneous endothermic process and the temperature is beneficial to adsorption; the mechanism of adsorption is a single molecular layer. Adsorption and simple physical adsorption. The adsorption results of phenol are as follows: at 25 C, the amount of rubber particles is 0.1 g, the pH value of phenol solution is 6, the reaction time is 4 h, the removal rate of phenol can reach the increase of the initial concentration of phenol with the increase of the adsorption capacity of the 86%. rubber particles with the initial concentration. The adsorption process conforms to the single layer absorption of Langmuir. With the model, the kinetics is better in accordance with the kinetic equation of the quasi two order reaction. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption enthalpy change Delta H0=5.932 kJ/mol, entropy change Delta S0=0.0247 kJ/mol. K, the adsorption of phenol to spontaneous endothermic process. The equilibrium time of adsorption to phosphorus by rubber particles is 14 h, and when the pH value of phosphorus solution is 10, the maximum adsorption capacity of phosphorus is reached. The amount of rubber particles increased and the adsorption of phosphorus decreased. The adsorption process accorded with the Freundlich adsorption model. The kinetics accorded with the quasi two stage reaction kinetics equation, and the adsorption of phosphorus was spontaneous endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism was chemical adsorption. Thus, the rubber particles had three different types of pollutants in water. Good adsorption, which will lay the foundation for the application of biological aeration filter for sewage treatment. Secondly, the effect of rubber particle packing biological aerated filter (BAF) on simulated sewage treatment is studied. The average removal rate of P is 55.30%, 50% and 91.90%. after a period of normal operation, the average removal rate of CODCr, NH3-N and P in simulated domestic sewage is 63.51%, 43.27% and 89.41%. at the water temperature 17-20, and the gas water ratio is 5:1, and the hydraulic load is in 30,45,60 and 75 cm, respectively, under the operating conditions of 0.208,0.312 and 0.424 m3/m2 H. When the hydraulic load is 0.208 m3/m2. H and the height of the filter layer is 45cm, the high removal rate can be obtained. Thus, it can be seen that the effect of rubber granular packing biological aerated filter in treating simulated domestic sewage is better, especially the effect of phosphorus removal is obvious, and it provides the basis for the actual treatment of domestic sewage. Particle size, surface properties and other aspects of improvement, it will be expected to become a new type of filler in biological aerated filter process.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X799.3

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