陕北石油区树草种枯落叶对油污土壤的修复效应

发布时间：2018-07-12 21:00

本文选题：石油污染 + 土壤修复　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来随着陕北地区石油资源的大规模开采与开发,对当地周围土壤环境造成严重的污染与生态破坏,所以亟需对污染土壤进行修复和改良,降低土壤中的有害石油烃类物质,改善土壤的理化生物性质,恢复土壤结构与功能,使污染土壤得到净化和修复。植物枯落叶作为天然有机质在分解后对提高土壤肥力、促进养分的归还和释放以及加强土壤微生物活动、改变土壤酶活性等方面有重要作用。所以利用树草种枯落叶对油污土壤进行修复,一方面充分利用废弃的植物枯落叶资源,将其资源化利用;另一方面植物枯落叶分解后可向土壤释放溶解性物质,调节石油污染土壤C/N比,为石油烃降解菌提供代谢底物,促进石油污染物的降解,以修复和和改良石油污染土壤。为此,本文研究内容是将陕北石油区常见的荒山造林树草种枯落叶21种、城市绿化树木枯落叶19种施入到石油污染土壤中,进行为期120 d的室内混合分解培养,检测石油污染土壤残留石油烃含量、不同枯落叶种类对油污土壤化学性质以及生物学性质的改良,综合分析评价不同植物枯落叶对石油污染土壤的修复能力,筛选出具有较好修复能力的植物枯落叶,用于指导油污土壤的植物修复,使植物枯落叶废弃物这一资源最大化利用,体现其生态修复价值。主要结论如下:(1)在21种常见荒山造林植物中侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)、白三叶(Trifolium repens)对油污土壤修复效果最佳,柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、小冠花(Coronilla varia)、艾蒿(Artemisia argyi)、小叶杨(Populus simonii)修复效果其次,酸枣(Ziziphus jujuba)、杠柳(Periploca sepium)、山枣(Ziziphus montana)对油污土壤修复效果不明显,白榆(Ulmus pumila)、山杏(Armeniaca sibirica)、白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum)枯落叶对油污土壤修复具有微弱抑制作用,其他种类枯落叶则对油污土壤的修复效果不佳,甚至起到恶化作用。具体而言,侧柏、小叶杨、柠条和杠柳4种枯落叶均可显著增加土壤微生物的数量,对油污土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌繁殖有着积极促进作用。所有枯落叶的处理均显著提高了土壤有效Zn含量、土壤脲酶和蛋白酶活性,除白三叶和辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis)外其他枯落叶的处理均显著增加了速效Fe、Mn的含量;除油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)和辽东栎外,其他植物枯落叶均可以显著增加土壤碱解N、速效K的含量;落叶松(Larix gmelinii)、花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)、紫花苜蓿、小冠花、白三叶和白羊草显著增加了土壤有效P的含量,白三叶的提高效果最显著;而辽东栎对土壤有机质含量提高最显著。绝大多数枯落叶促进了碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脱氢酶活性,但却对过氧化氢酶与多酚氧化酶活性起到抑制作用,其中紫花苜蓿对增加土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶活性效果最显著,柠条对碱性磷酸酶活性提高最显著,酸枣对过氧化氢酶活性提高最显著。(2)19种城市绿化树木枯落叶中,对油污土壤性质综合修复效应最好的是苦楝(Melia azedarach)和桃树(Prunus persica)枯落叶,较好的依次为桑树(Morus alba)、国槐(Sophora japonica)、垂柳(Salix babylonica)、五角枫(Acer mono)和紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera)枯落叶,其他树木枯落叶效果不明显或者甚至起到恶化作用。具体而言,不同的城市绿化树木枯落叶初始养分含量具有差异,桃树、五角枫、文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)枯落叶具有较高的N、P、K含量,银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、法桐(Platanus hispanica)、梧桐(Firmiana simplex)枯落叶N、P、K含量较低。所有枯落叶均显著提高了油污土壤速效K和有机质、有效Zn含量以及脲酶和脱氢酶活性。苦楝、国槐、桑树、紫叶李明显促进了土壤放线菌的生长,提高了土壤碱解N含量以及碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性。桃树、垂柳、五角枫枯落叶促进了土壤细菌的生长,提高了碱解N、速效P、有效Fe、有效Mn含量以及蛋白酶活性,而栾树(Koelreteria interifolia)枯落叶显著提高了多酚氧化酶活性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the large-scale exploitation and exploitation of oil resources in Northern Shaanxi, serious pollution and ecological destruction are caused to the surrounding soil environment, so it is urgent to repair and improve the contaminated soil, reduce the harmful petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil, improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, restore the soil structure and function, and make the contaminated soil As natural organic matter is decomposed, plant litter has an important role in improving soil fertility, promoting nutrient return and release, strengthening soil microbial activity and changing soil enzyme activity. On the other hand, the dry and deciduous resources can be used for resource utilization, on the other hand, the dissolved substances can be released to the soil after the decomposition of the leaves of plants, and the C/N ratio of the oil contaminated soil can be adjusted to provide the metabolic substrates for the petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria, to promote the degradation of petroleum pollutants and to repair and improve the oil contaminated soil. 21 kinds of wilt leaves of barren mountain afforestation were found, and 19 kinds of dry leaves of urban greening trees were applied into the oil contaminated soil, and 120 d of indoor mixed decomposition and culture were carried out to detect the residual oil content in the oil contaminated soil. Different types of litter were used to improve the chemical properties and biological properties of the oil contaminated soil, and the comprehensive analysis and evaluation were different. The plant withered leaves have the ability to repair the oil contaminated soil, screening the plant withered leaves with good restoration ability, which is used to guide the phytoremediation of oil contaminated soil, and maximizes the resource utilization of plant litter waste. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Platycla in 21 species of common barren mountain afforestation plants (Platycladus orientalis) DUS orientalis), white clover (Trifolium repens) has the best repair effect on oil contaminated soil, Caragana (Caragana korshinskii), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), small crown flower (Coronilla varia), Artemisia Artemisia (Artemisia argyi), and young leaf poplar, sour jujube, mountain jujube Ntana) the effect on the remediation of oil contaminated soil was not obvious. The white elm (Ulmus pumila), apricot (Armeniaca sibirica) and the dry deciduous leaf of Bothriochloa Ischaemum had a weak inhibition on the remediation of oil contaminated soil, and the other kinds of dry leaves had a bad effect on the remediation of oil contaminated soil. 4 kinds of litter can significantly increase the number of soil microbes and promote the reproduction of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in the oil contaminated soil. All the treatment of litter leaves significantly improved the soil effective Zn content, soil urease and protease activity, except the white clover and the Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis) other leaves. Treatment significantly increased the content of quick acting Fe, Mn, except for Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinus tabulaeformis) and Liaodong oak, all the other plants could significantly increase the soil alkali hydrolysable N and the content of the available K; the Larix Larix (Larix gmelinii), the Zanthoxylum (Zanthoxylum bungeanum), alfalfa, the white clover, the white clover and the white weeds significantly increased the effective P content of the soil. The content of white clover was the most significant, and the content of soil organic matter increased most significantly in Liaodong oak. Most deciduous leaves promoted the activity of alkaline phosphatase, invertase and dehydrogenase, but inhibited the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, in which alfalfa increased the activity of soil invertase and polyphenol oxidase. Most significant, Caragana to alkaline phosphatase activity increased most significantly, jujube to the activity of catalase increased the most significant. (2) 19 kinds of urban green trees litter, the best effect of the comprehensive remediation of oil contaminated soil properties is Melia azedarach and peach tree (Prunus persica) dry deciduous leaves, better in sequence is the mulberry tree (Morus alba), Sophora japonica (Sopho) RA japonica), weeping willow (Salix babylonica), five maple (Acer mono) and purple leaf plum (Prunus cerasifera) withered leaves, other trees have no obvious effect or even worsening effect. Specifically, different urban greening trees have different initial nutrient content, peach, five maple, and Xanthoceras (Xanthoceras sorbifolia) withered. Deciduous leaves have higher N, P, K content, Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba), Ginkgo Tung (Platanus hispanica), and parasol tree (Firmiana simplex) litter N, P, and low K content. All dry leaves significantly increase the efficiency and organic matter, effective content and urease and dehydrogenase activity of oil contaminated soil. Melia Melia, Sophora japonica, mulberry, purple leaf Li Mingxian promoted soil release. The growth of Rhizoctonia increased the content of alkaline hydrolysate N and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, catalase and invertase. Peach, weeping willow and five deciduous deciduous leaves promoted the growth of soil bacteria, improved the alkaline hydrolysis of N, available P, effective Fe, effective Mn content and protease activity, while the leaves of Koelreteria interifolia significantly increased the leaves of the tree (Koelreteria interifolia). Phenoloxidase activity.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X53

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