基于遥感的北方农牧交错带生态脆弱性评价

发布时间：2018-07-18 16:03

【摘要】：榆林市是中国北方农牧交错带上典型的生态脆弱区,也是全国土壤保持和防风固沙重要生态功能保护区。文章以"成因及结果表现"为基础构建生态脆弱性评价指标体系,在遥感数据和GIS空间分析支持下,对榆林市生态脆弱性进行了综合评价。结果表明:榆林市生态脆弱性以中度脆弱为主,面积所占比例为54.50%,极度、重度和中度脆弱区面积所占比例超过了总面积的70%,生态环境形势不容乐观。受自然因素和人为活动的交叠影响,榆林市生态脆弱性空间差异显著。北部地区生态脆弱性整体上高于南部,高度脆弱区主要分布在古长城以北风沙草滩区,尤其是榆阳区和神木县境内,除自身自然潜在脆弱外还面临着经济快速发展给该区生态脆弱性带来的人为干扰脆弱,生态脆弱性表现尤为显著;而东南部和西部地区生态脆弱性相对较低,尤其是靖边和清涧境内,主要以微度脆弱为主。说明近年实施的"三北"防护林体系建设和退耕还林(草)工程显著改善了该地区生态环境质量。
[Abstract]:Yulin is a typical ecological fragile zone in the agricultural and pastoral ecotone of northern China, and it is also an important ecological function reserve for soil conservation and sand control. Based on the "cause of formation and performance of results", this paper constructs an index system of ecological vulnerability evaluation, with the support of remote sensing data and GIS spatial analysis, the comprehensive evaluation of ecological vulnerability in Yulin City is carried out. The results showed that the ecological vulnerability of Yulin was mainly moderate vulnerability, the proportion of area was 54.50, the proportion of extreme, severe and moderate fragile area was more than 70% of the total area, and the ecological environment situation was not optimistic. Influenced by the overlapping of natural factors and human activities, the spatial differences of ecological vulnerability in Yulin City were significant. The ecological fragility in the north is higher than that in the south, and the highly fragile area is mainly distributed in the sandy beach area north of ancient the Great Wall, especially in Yuyang district and Shenmu county. In addition to its own natural potential vulnerability, it also faces the human disturbance vulnerability caused by the rapid economic development in this area, especially in the southeast and western regions, while the ecological vulnerability is relatively low in the southeastern and western regions. In particular, Jingbian and Qingjian territory, mainly to micro-fragile. It shows that the construction of "three north" shelterbelt system and the project of returning cropland to forest (grass) in recent years have improved the ecological environment quality in this area.
【作者单位】：重庆市环境科学研究院;煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室;重庆大学资源及环境科学学院;华侨大学化工学院;
【基金】：国家重大科技专项(2013ZX07104-004-05)
【分类号】：X826

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