矿区地表水环境损害评估研究及案例应用

发布时间：2018-07-23 08:27

【摘要】：研究构建了矿区地表水环境损害评估的基本框架,明确了环境损害评估方法的优先序,并通过矿区典型案例对评估体系进行验证,分析了评估结论对于贴现率、贴现基准年等参数的敏感性。结论如下:矿区地表水环境损害可以分为水资源损害与水生生态系统服务功能损害两部分。由于重金属污染造成的水资源损害具有持久性,采用人工修复措施难以将其恢复至基线水平,且难以找到质量可比、价值可比的水资源进行补偿性修复,因此适于采用纯货币化的环境价值评估方法来量化损害。对于矿区地表水水生生态系统服务功能的损害,若可以找到与被损害水域具有相似生境而且没有被重金属污染的水域,可以通过补偿性修复措施提升水生生态系统服务功能,则优先采用等值分析法进行损害评估。通过敏感性分析,研究认为使用等值分析法时,采用较高的贴现率更能体现受损环境的价值。另外若采用等值分析法评估环境损害,建议采取将恢复方案纳入地方发展规划、建立修复监督实施机制和责任机制等方式,确保受损环境的恢复行动真正落实。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the basic framework of environmental damage assessment of surface water in mining area is constructed, the priority order of environmental damage assessment method is defined, and the evaluation system is verified by typical case of mining area, and the discount rate of evaluation conclusion is analyzed. Sensitivity of discounted base year and other parameters. The conclusions are as follows: surface water environmental damage in mining area can be divided into two parts: water resources damage and aquatic ecosystem service damage. Owing to the persistence of water resources damage caused by heavy metal pollution, it is difficult to restore them to baseline levels by artificial remediation measures and to find water resources of comparable quality and value for compensatory remediation, Therefore, it is suitable to use pure monetization environmental value assessment method to quantify damage. For the damage of aquatic ecosystem service function of surface water in mining area, if similar habitat to the damaged water and not polluted by heavy metal can be found, the function of aquatic ecosystem service can be enhanced through compensatory remediation measures. Then the method of equivalent analysis is preferred to evaluate the damage. Through sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the higher discount rate can better reflect the value of damaged environment when using equivalence analysis. In addition, if the equivalent analysis method is used to assess the environmental damage, it is suggested that the restoration scheme should be incorporated into the local development plan, and the implementation mechanism of repair supervision and responsibility mechanism should be established to ensure that the restoration action of the damaged environment is truly implemented.
【作者单位】：中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所;环境保护部环境规划院;清华大学环境学院;
【基金】：北京市自然科学基金(9154036) 中国农业科学院创新工程一带一路研究专题(CAAS-ASTIP-IAED-2016-06) 环保公益性行业科研专项“突发水环境污染事件环境污染损害鉴定评估技术研究”(201309060)
【分类号】：X824

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