固定化菌藻对城市污水脱氮除磷效果研究

发布时间：2018-07-23 18:37

【摘要】：利用微藻来处理水体富营养化污染,既有效率,又能节省成本。微绿球藻和小球藻均属于单细胞微藻,易于培养,并且繁殖较快,目前微绿球藻对其废水处理效果及固定化研究较少。但是在单独的藻类固定化系统中,藻体不能有效的利用其内部的空间环境,菌藻共存系统克服了上述的缺点,二者互利共生,增强了对氮磷的处理效果。本次试验以微绿球藻C170,小球藻C95及芽孢杆菌为研究对象,研究其在不同状态下对氮、磷的去除效率,为污水处理生物固定化技术积累资料。研究结果如下:游离态微绿球藻(FN)和游离态小球藻(FC)对氮磷的去除效果及藻细胞的生长情况对比实验显示:微绿球藻对氮磷的去除率(33.01%,30.5%)要高于小球藻对氮磷的去除率(25.4%,23.3%)。同时微绿球藻在污水中的生长率也快于小球藻。游离态微绿球藻(FN)、固定化微绿球藻(IN)、空白胶球(BB)对氮磷的去除效果及微藻生长情况对比实验显示:固定化微绿球藻对氮磷的去除率(60.4%,76.6%)明显高于游离微绿球藻对氮磷的去除率(30.5%,33%),海藻酸钠包埋固定对微绿球藻没有造成不可恢复的损伤,一旦环境适应后会迅速恢复其活性。固定化菌藻(IBN)、固定化微绿球藻(IN)、固定化芽孢杆菌(IB)除氮磷对比实验证实:固定化菌藻除氮磷效果最显著分别为(60.4%,88.8%)明显高于固定化微绿球藻对氮磷的去除率(49.5%,76.4%)与固定化芽孢杆菌对氮磷的去除率(31.7%,30%)。固定化菌藻混合后内部环境有益于微绿球藻的生长,当p H上升到最高点后,菌藻混合固定的p H变化最稳定,且变化都在微绿球藻最适p H范围之内。藻菌分别以1:1、3:2、2:3混合固定后对氮磷的去除效果结果显示:以1:1藻菌混合固定对氮、磷的去除率最好,分别为(60.4%、88.8%),菌藻相对对方最多的时候活性最大,对氮磷的去除效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Using microalgae to treat eutrophication pollution of water body can save both efficiency and cost. Chlorella microphylla and Chlorella microalgae both belong to single-celled microalgae, which are easy to culture and propagate quickly. At present, there are few studies on the effect and immobilization of Chlorella microphylla on wastewater treatment. But in a single algal immobilization system, algae can not effectively use its internal space environment, the algal coexistence system overcomes the above shortcomings, the two mutually beneficial symbiosis, enhance the treatment effect of nitrogen and phosphorus. In this experiment, the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus of Chlorella microphylla C170, Chlorella microphylla C95 and Bacillus spp were studied in different conditions, and the data were accumulated for the biological immobilization technology of sewage treatment. The results were as follows: the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus by free Chlorella microalgae (FN) and free Chlorella microalgae (FC) and the growth of algal cells were compared. The results showed that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by Chlorella microchlorella (33.01%) was higher than that by Chlorella vulgaris (25.4%). At the same time, the growth rate of Chlorella microphylla in sewage was faster than that of Chlorella microphylla. The removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus and the growth of microalgae by (FN), immobilized (IN), (IN), gel ball (BB) were compared. The results showed that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by immobilized Chlorella microphylla (60.4%) was significantly higher than that by free Chlorella microphylla (76.6%). Phosphorus removal rate (30.5%) and sodium alginate entrapment fixation did not cause unrecoverable damage to Chlorella microphylla. Once the environment adapts, it will quickly restore its activity. A comparative experiment on nitrogen and phosphorus removal by immobilized Bacillus microphylla (IBN), immobilized Bacillus microphylla (IN), showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of immobilized Bacillus sp. (IB) was significantly higher than that of immobilized Chlorella microchlosa (49.5%, 76.4%) and the highest nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency (60.488%) was higher than that of immobilized Chlorophyta microchlorella (49.5%, 76.4%), respectively. The removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus by Bacillus orientalis was 31.730%. The internal environment of the immobilized bacteria and algae was beneficial to the growth of Chlorella microphylla. When pH reached the highest point, the mixed fixed pH was the most stable, and all the changes were within the optimum pH range of Chlorella microphylla. The results showed that the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus was the best at 1:1 when algal bacteria were fixed with 1: 1: 3: 2: 2: 3, respectively, and the removal rate of phosphorus was (60.4%). The activity of bacteria and algae was the highest when compared with the other side, and the removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus was the best.
【学位授予单位】：燕山大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X703

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