城市水体富营养化对沉水植物C、N、P生态化学计量学特征及生长的影响
发布时间：2018-07-28 10:46
【摘要】：上海市的城市化水平在国内处于领先的水平,随之而来的是城市化带来的环境问题,本研究以上海区域内城市化梯度下的沉水植物为研究对象,根据城市化梯度下景观水体的富营养化程度不同,设置了20处有沉水植被分布的景观水体为样点。采用野外采样的方法研究不同城市化进程对沉水植物形态结构、生理生化指标和生态化学计量学特征的影响。主要研究结果如下：(1)上海市景观水体冬季TN含量在中心城区为475.1-4758.3ug/L,近郊区为738.3-4738.9ug/L,远郊区为484.6-4848.3ug/L；TP含量中心城区为13.3-320.9ug/L,近郊区为36.6-2815.3ug/L,远郊区为23.8-542.3ug/L。夏季TN含量中心城区为1358.2-3607.9ug/L,近郊区为1729.9-4971.1ug/L,远郊区为1367.8-4041.0ug/L;TP含量中心城区为18.9-267.0ug/L,近郊区为49.4-205.9ug/L,远郊区为49.4-904.6ug/L。(2)各种不同植物的节间距不同,含水率没有表现出很大差异。冬季菹草的节间距为1.1-3.6cm；夏季黑藻的节间距是0.6-2.2cm,金鱼藻节间距是0.7-5.6cm,水盾草节间距是2.4-5.6cm,狐尾藻节间距是1.2-2.7cm。冬季菹草的叶绿素a含量为6.7-16.2mg/L,丙二醛含量为0.03-1.67umo;/L;夏季黑藻的叶绿素a含量是3.9-9.8mg/L,丙二醛含量是0.76-2.33umol/L,金鱼藻叶绿素a含量是3.7-8.2mg/L,丙二醛含量是0.18-1.04umol/L,水盾草叶绿素a含量是7.6-10.4mg/L,丙二醛含量是0.40-0.95umol/L,狐尾藻叶绿素a含量是4.3-9.9mg/L,丙二醛含量是0.63-1.62umol/L。冬季菹草的TC含量是247.9-400.0g/kg,TN含量是41.8-66.3g/kg,TP含量是0.16-0.18g/kg；夏季黑藻的TC含量是276.0-377.0g/kg,TN含量是13.8-41.2g/kg,TP含量是0.49-0.79g/kg；夏季金鱼藻的TC含量是273.8-401.6g/kg,TN含量是15.7-47.2g/kg,TP含量是0.42-0.64g/kg；夏季水盾草的TC含量是326.1-390.7g/kg,TN含量是8.4-69.4g/kg,TP含量是0.17-0.76g/kg；夏季狐尾藻的TC含量是272.5-379.0g/kg,TN含量是3.5-29.5g/kg,TP含量是0.04-0.53g/kg。研究结果表明随着水体富营养化程度的加剧,沉水植物节间距和丙二醛有增加的趋势,而叶绿素及可溶性糖含量则降低；富营养化还使沉水植物的总碳、总氮及C／N比值降低,而总磷含量、C／P及N／P比值增加。各物种中,菹草和水盾草更适合于在高营养的条件,黑藻和金鱼藻在不同富营养化条件下均能较好的生长。根据相关性分析表明,沉水植物的生理生化指标及生态化学计量学特征都和水体的理化指标及氮磷含量表现出一定相关性。
[Abstract]:The level of urbanization in Shanghai is in the leading level in China, followed by the environmental problems brought by urbanization. This study takes submerged plants in the gradient of urbanization in Shanghai as the research object. According to the different eutrophication degree of landscape water body under the gradient of urbanization, 20 landscape water bodies with submerged vegetation distribution were set up as sample points. The effects of different urbanization processes on the morphological structure, physiological and biochemical indexes and ecochemometrics characteristics of submerged plants were studied by field sampling. The main results are as follows: (1) the TN content of Shanghai landscape water body in winter is 475.1-4758.3ugr / L, 738.3-4738.9ugr / L, 484.6-4848.3ugr / L, 13.3 ~ 320.9ugrr / L, 36.6-2815.3ugP / L, 23.8-542.3ugr / L, respectively. In summer, TN content was 1358.2-3607.9ugr / L, 1729.9-4971.1 / L in the near suburb, 1367.8-4041.0ug/ L / L in the far suburb, 18.9-267.0ugr / L in the central city, 49.4-205.9ugr / L in the near suburb and 49.4-904.6ugr / L in the far suburb. (2) there was no significant difference in moisture content among different plants. The internode spacing of P. crispus in winter was 1.1-3.6 cm, that of black algae in summer was 0.6-2.2 cm, that of goldfish was 0.7-5.6 cm, that of P. crispus was 2.4-5.6 cm, that of Dioscorea vulgaris was 1.2-2.7 cm. The chlorophyll a content of P. crispus in winter is 6.7-16.2mg / L, the malondialdehyde content is 0.03-1.67umo.L. in summer, the content of chlorophyll a is 3.9-9.8mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.76-2.33umolrL, the content of chlorophyll a is 3.7-8.2mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.18-1.04umolol/ L, the content of chlorophyll a is 7.6-10.4mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 3.7-8.2mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.18-1.04umolol / L, the content of chlorophyll a is 7.6-10.4mg / L The content of dialdehyde is 0.40-0.95umolr / L, the content of chlorophyll a is 4.3-9.9mg / L, and the content of malondialdehyde is 0.63-1.62umolr / L. The TC content of P. crispus in winter was 247.9-400.0g / kg ~ (-1) TN was 41.8-66.3g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) TP was 0.16-0.18g / kg, in summer it was 276.0-377.0g / kg ~ (-1) kg ~ (2 +) TN was 13.8-41.2 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) TP, the content of TC was 0.49-0.79 g / kg ~ (-1) in summer, the TC content was 273.8-401.6 g / kg ~ (-1) TN was 15.7-47.2g / kg ~ (-2) g / kg ~ (TP) was 0.42-0.64g / kg ~ (-1) kg 路kg ~ (-1); In summer, TC content was 326.1-390.7 g / kg TN content was 8.4-69.4 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) TP content was 0.17-0.76 g 路kg ~ (-1) kg 路kg ~ (-1), TC content in summer was 272.5-379.0 g / kg ~ (-1) TN content was 3.5-29.5g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) TP content was 0.04-0.53 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1). The results showed that with the increase of eutrophication, the internodal spacing and malondialdehyde of submerged plants tended to increase, while the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar decreased, and eutrophication also increased the total carbon of submerged plants. Total nitrogen and C / N ratio decreased, while total phosphorus content increased with C / P and N / P ratios. Among the species, Potamogrium crispus and Astragalus sp. were more suitable for high nutrition, and both black algae and goldfish algae could grow well under different eutrophication conditions. According to the correlation analysis, the physiological and biochemical indexes and ecochemometrics of submerged plants were correlated with the physical and chemical indexes and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
本文编号：2149851
[Abstract]:The level of urbanization in Shanghai is in the leading level in China, followed by the environmental problems brought by urbanization. This study takes submerged plants in the gradient of urbanization in Shanghai as the research object. According to the different eutrophication degree of landscape water body under the gradient of urbanization, 20 landscape water bodies with submerged vegetation distribution were set up as sample points. The effects of different urbanization processes on the morphological structure, physiological and biochemical indexes and ecochemometrics characteristics of submerged plants were studied by field sampling. The main results are as follows: (1) the TN content of Shanghai landscape water body in winter is 475.1-4758.3ugr / L, 738.3-4738.9ugr / L, 484.6-4848.3ugr / L, 13.3 ~ 320.9ugrr / L, 36.6-2815.3ugP / L, 23.8-542.3ugr / L, respectively. In summer, TN content was 1358.2-3607.9ugr / L, 1729.9-4971.1 / L in the near suburb, 1367.8-4041.0ug/ L / L in the far suburb, 18.9-267.0ugr / L in the central city, 49.4-205.9ugr / L in the near suburb and 49.4-904.6ugr / L in the far suburb. (2) there was no significant difference in moisture content among different plants. The internode spacing of P. crispus in winter was 1.1-3.6 cm, that of black algae in summer was 0.6-2.2 cm, that of goldfish was 0.7-5.6 cm, that of P. crispus was 2.4-5.6 cm, that of Dioscorea vulgaris was 1.2-2.7 cm. The chlorophyll a content of P. crispus in winter is 6.7-16.2mg / L, the malondialdehyde content is 0.03-1.67umo.L. in summer, the content of chlorophyll a is 3.9-9.8mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.76-2.33umolrL, the content of chlorophyll a is 3.7-8.2mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.18-1.04umolol/ L, the content of chlorophyll a is 7.6-10.4mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 3.7-8.2mg / L, the content of malondialdehyde is 0.18-1.04umolol / L, the content of chlorophyll a is 7.6-10.4mg / L The content of dialdehyde is 0.40-0.95umolr / L, the content of chlorophyll a is 4.3-9.9mg / L, and the content of malondialdehyde is 0.63-1.62umolr / L. The TC content of P. crispus in winter was 247.9-400.0g / kg ~ (-1) TN was 41.8-66.3g / kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) TP was 0.16-0.18g / kg, in summer it was 276.0-377.0g / kg ~ (-1) kg ~ (2 +) TN was 13.8-41.2 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) TP, the content of TC was 0.49-0.79 g / kg ~ (-1) in summer, the TC content was 273.8-401.6 g / kg ~ (-1) TN was 15.7-47.2g / kg ~ (-2) g / kg ~ (TP) was 0.42-0.64g / kg ~ (-1) kg 路kg ~ (-1); In summer, TC content was 326.1-390.7 g / kg TN content was 8.4-69.4 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) TP content was 0.17-0.76 g 路kg ~ (-1) kg 路kg ~ (-1), TC content in summer was 272.5-379.0 g / kg ~ (-1) TN content was 3.5-29.5g 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1) TP content was 0.04-0.53 g / kg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1). The results showed that with the increase of eutrophication, the internodal spacing and malondialdehyde of submerged plants tended to increase, while the contents of chlorophyll and soluble sugar decreased, and eutrophication also increased the total carbon of submerged plants. Total nitrogen and C / N ratio decreased, while total phosphorus content increased with C / P and N / P ratios. Among the species, Potamogrium crispus and Astragalus sp. were more suitable for high nutrition, and both black algae and goldfish algae could grow well under different eutrophication conditions. According to the correlation analysis, the physiological and biochemical indexes and ecochemometrics of submerged plants were correlated with the physical and chemical indexes and the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X52
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