脉冲生物滤池工艺优化与装备开发研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:21

【摘要】：我国农村生活污水处理技术发展起步较晚,污水处理设施的技术和管理水平还比较落后,缺乏专业人员进行管理及维护,建成的设施难以正常发挥其功效。本文以实现农村污水处理设施的标准化建设为目标,在已有研究和应用成果的基础上,通过工艺参数优化开发适用于农村生活污水处理的标准化脉冲生物滤池设备,并编制设备的制造标准、运行维护规程。本文选用聚丙烯板材构建3座拼装式脉冲生物滤池,分别选取生物陶粒和建筑陶粒作为滤料,采用实际生活污水,考察滤料粒径、滤料种类、布水时间、布水周期、水力负荷以及回流比等参数对生活污水处理效果的影响,优化工艺参数,确定脉冲生物滤池适宜的结构和操作参数。主要结论如下：布水时间、布水周期和水力负荷对滤池运行效果有影响。当布水时间和布水周期缩短时,COD、氨氮和TN的去除率逐渐下降。布水时间为3.5-4.5min、布水周期为20-25min时,污染物去除效果较好；随水力负荷的增加,COD、氨氮的去除率逐渐上升,但增加到一定值时,出现下降趋势,当水力负荷为6-7.2 m3/(m2.d)时,取得较好的污染物去除效果。滤池有较好的硝化能力和充氧性能,氨氮在滤池中沿程逐渐去除。正交试验结果表明,滤池运行条件最优组合为：水力负荷选取6.6m3/(m2·d),布水周期20min,选取布水时间选取4min,回流比选取l：2～2.5。当脉冲生物滤池布水时间设定为3.5-4min,布水周期为20min,布水负荷控制在6-7.2m3/(m2.d1,回流比为1：2～2.5,系统稳定运行后,装填粒径为(?)4-6mm的生物陶粒滤料的滤池出水COD、TN、NH+4-N和TP的平均浓度为31.00±4.37、8.76±1.27、0.52±0.23、1.40±0.19mg/L,平均去除率分别达到85.86±1.72%、58.71±3.88%、96.90±1.29%、48.03±6.52%：装填粒径(?)4-6mm建筑陶粒滤料的滤池出水COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均浓度为35.58±5.90、11.34±0.62、0.48±0.11、1.91±0.24 mg/L,平均去除率分别达到85.37±1.32%、57.34±2.02%、97.83±0.55%、24.55±13.21%；装填粒径(?)5-12mm建筑陶粒滤料的滤池出水COD、TN、NH4+-N和TP的平均浓度为45.51±4.05、9.77±0.69、0.69±0.20、2.2510.08 mg/L,平均去除率分别达到79.18±1.96%、53.80±1.6l%、96.04±0.82%、20.93±14.40%。建筑滤料粒径为(?)4-6mm时运行效果好于粒径为(?)5-12mm时的运行效果。陶粒滤料和建筑滤料粒径同为(?)4-6mm时,组合工艺运行处理效果相近。基于优化运行的结果,提出拼装式脉冲生物滤池结构,将脉冲生物滤池划分设备壳体、承托层、生物填料、布水系统、进、排气系统、回流系统、控制系统、进出水管路等单元：设计标准化脉冲生物滤池,提出制造标准和模块单元现场快速拼装程序,编制设备维护规程,实现脉冲生物滤池的设备化。脉冲生物滤池可有效用于农村污水的处理,采用规格化、标准化的脉冲生物滤池装置,进行规范的运行维护,对于农村生活污染控制与水环境质量改善具有重要意义。
[Abstract]:The development of rural domestic sewage treatment technology in China started late, the technical and management level of sewage treatment facilities is still relatively backward, the lack of professional personnel to manage and maintain, the built facilities are difficult to give full play to its function. In order to realize the standardization construction of rural sewage treatment facilities, based on the existing research and application results, the standardized pulsed biofilter equipment suitable for rural domestic sewage treatment is developed by optimizing the process parameters in this paper. And the preparation of equipment manufacturing standards, operation and maintenance procedures. In this paper, three assembled pulsed biofilters were constructed with polypropylene sheet, bioceramic and architectural ceramsite were selected as filter media, and actual domestic sewage was used to investigate the size of filter material, the type of filter material, the time of water distribution and the period of water distribution. The influence of hydraulic load and reflux ratio on the treatment effect of domestic sewage was studied. The optimum structure and operation parameters of pulsed biofilter were determined by optimizing the process parameters. The main conclusions are as follows: water distribution time, water distribution period and hydraulic load have influence on filter operation. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and TN decreased gradually when the time and cycle of water distribution were shortened. The removal efficiency of pollutants was better when the time of water distribution was 3.5-4.5min, and the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen gradually increased with the increase of hydraulic load, but decreased when the hydraulic load was 6-7.2m3 / (m2.d), when the time of water distribution was 3.5-4.5min, the removal rate of ammonia and nitrogen increased gradually when the hydraulic load was 6-7.2m3 / (m2.d). Better removal effect of pollutants was obtained. The nitrification and oxygenation of the filter were better, and ammonia nitrogen was gradually removed in the filter. The results of orthogonal test show that the optimal operation conditions of the filter are as follows: 6.6m3/ (m ~ 2 d),) is selected as the hydraulic load, the water distribution time is 4 min, and the reflux ratio is 1: 2 ~ 2 ~ (2.5). When the water distribution time of the pulsed biofilter is set to 3.5-4 min, the water distribution period is 20 min, the water distribution load is controlled at 6-7.2m3/ (m2.d1, the reflux ratio is 1: 2N 2.5), and the system runs stably. 瑁呭～绮掑緞涓，

本文编号：2150866