稀土矿浮选尾矿“零排放”技术的研制

发布时间：2018-08-04 11:18

【摘要】：本课题主要针对某稀土矿的尾矿资源,通过试验研究、工艺设计、市场分析、投资估算等方法和手段,提出该稀土矿尾矿“零排放”技术的可行性方案。某稀土矿矿床为石英重晶石碳酸盐稀土矿床。稀土矿物主要以氟碳铈矿、氟碳钙铈矿存在,除此之外,矿石中还含有少量的独居石和铈磷灰石。脉石矿物为方解石、白云石、石英,并含有重晶石及较少量的萤石。该稀土矿通过浮选工艺,将品位为3%～4%的原矿富集成含稀土氧化物(REO)大于45%的稀土精矿。该稀土原矿中含有的重晶石、萤石及硫化物等未达到工业品位的有用矿物绝大部分富集在尾矿中,未得到回收利用,造成了资源浪费。该稀土矿采用浮选选别工艺得到稀土精矿,原生矿石经过破碎→磨矿→浮选→干燥选别工艺流程进行处理,得到产率6.85%、含REO大于45%的稀土精矿和尾矿两种产物。目前,该稀土矿年处理矿石能力为11万t,尾矿产量10.25万t/a,其中6.3万t尾矿作为充填料被充填至地下采空区,剩余近4万t尾矿经浓缩后,全部排放到地表尾矿库堆存。随着尾矿排放量逐年增加,大量尾矿在地表堆存而引发的环境污染、生态破坏、安全事故和占用土地等诸多问题已成为不可忽视的重大社会问题。这些堆存的尾矿通过技术加工可变废为宝,成为新型建材的生产原料。本课题主要研究某稀土矿浮选尾矿的综合利用,从经济效益和环境保护的角度出发,以试验研究为基础,结合市场调研和可行性研究,为该稀土矿浮选尾矿的处理技术找到经济效益与环境保护双赢的解决途径,最终实现该稀土矿尾矿“零排放”。
[Abstract]:Aiming at the tailings resources of a rare earth mine, the feasibility scheme of "zero discharge" technology for the tailings of a rare earth mine is put forward by means of experimental research, process design, market analysis, investment estimation and so on. A rare earth deposit is a quartz barite carbonate rare earth deposit. Rare earth minerals mainly exist in fluorocarbon and calcium cerium ores. In addition, there are a small amount of monazite and cerium apatite in the ores. Gangue minerals are calcite, dolomite, quartz, and contain barite and a small amount of fluorite. Through the flotation process, the rare earth concentrate containing rare earth oxide (REO) > 45% is integrated into the raw ore with a grade of 3% or 4%. The barite, fluorite and sulfides contained in the rare earth ore are mostly enriched in tailings, resulting in a waste of resources. The rare earth concentrate is obtained by flotation separation process, and the primary ore is treated by flotation and dry separation process of crushing and grinding ore. Two kinds of products of rare earth concentrate and tailings with yield 6.85 and REO more than 45% are obtained. At present, the annual treatment capacity of the rare earth ore is 110000 t, and the output of tailings is 102500 t / a. Among them, 63000 tons of tailings are filled into underground goaf as filling materials, and the remaining nearly 40000 tons of tailings are discharged to the surface tailings reservoir after being concentrated. With the increase of tailings discharge, many problems, such as environmental pollution, ecological destruction, safety accidents and occupation of land, caused by a large number of tailings deposited on the surface, have become important social problems that can not be ignored. These piles of tailings through technical processing can be turned into treasure, as a new building materials production raw materials. This paper mainly studies the comprehensive utilization of flotation tailings of a rare earth ore. From the point of view of economic benefit and environmental protection, based on experimental research, combined with market research and feasibility study, A win-win solution of economic benefit and environmental protection is found for the treatment technology of the flotation tailings of the rare earth ore, and the "zero discharge" of the tailings of the rare earth ore is finally realized.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X753;TD926.4

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