废旧印刷电路板拆卸与破碎装置的研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 12:04

【摘要】：印刷电路板是各种电子电器产品必不可少的组成部分,现如今随着电子电器产品的普及以及更新换代,产生了大量的WPCBs,并且这些WPCBs内的物质几乎涵盖了整个元素周期表的元素,易对人类健康和生态环境造成严重的破坏,被国家定义为危险废弃物。WPCBs的资源化处理也在21世纪初被国家环保局提上议程,随后又联合信息产业部(现工业和信息化部)、国家发展和改革委员会、商务部、海关总署、工商行政管理总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局等部门制定一系列法律法规。在WPCBs资源化过程中,其拆卸、破碎是必不可少的环节,但是,目前这两个环节都没有成熟的技术出现,各高校、科研院所从不同方面进行实验研究,致力于寻找出一种高效、节能、无污染的工业化处理方法。本文在西南科技大学固体废弃物处理与资源化教育部重点实验室原有研究基础之上对WPCBs的资源化回收过程中的拆卸和破碎两个环节进行系统性的研究。本研究自主设计制造WPCBs拆卸装置及粗碎装置。第一,针对WPCBs拆卸条件进行探究性讨论,包括焊料的融化及冷凝性质,喷吹压力对WPCBs振动幅度的影响,通气压力以及进气温度对设备内部温升的变化规律的影响,以及现有设备的不足及其改进方法的探讨。第二,针对WPCBs基板的粗碎问题进行探讨,包括WPCBs基板破碎条件的分析,齿辊结构的选择,破碎条件的选择及其对破碎效率的影响。经过理论分析、数值模拟以及实验探究,最终确定:WPCBs上的插槽拆卸率、通孔元器件拆卸率以及大元器件拆卸率三个对粗碎工艺中的粗碎效率影响最大,实现了三者的拆卸率均大于95%,并对后续研究所需实验因素进行改进讨论,确定了实验因素的优先选择顺序;WPCBs基板粗碎在采用差速破碎的工况下实现了超过90%的破碎效率,并从设备运行的稳定性以及环境保护方面探讨了所需进行的后续研究以及结构改进。经过对WPCBs资源化过程中前期预处理阶段的探究,为其深入进行研究—环保性、可靠性、实用性、实现工业生产的可行性—奠定了研究基础。
[Abstract]:Printed circuit boards are an essential part of all kinds of electrical and electronic products. Nowadays, with the popularization and renewal of electronic and electrical products, a large number of WPCBs are produced, and the substances in these WPCBs cover almost all the elements of the periodic table. It is easy to cause serious damage to human health and ecological environment. The recycling treatment of WPCBs, defined by the state as hazardous waste, was also put on the agenda of the State Environmental Protection Bureau at the beginning of the 21st century. Subsequently, the Ministry of Information Industry (now the Ministry of Industry and Information), the State Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the General Administration of Industry and Commerce, the State Administration of quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and other departments formulated a series of laws and regulations. In the process of WPCBs resource utilization, its disassembly and breaking is an essential link. However, at present, neither of these two links has mature technology. Universities and scientific research institutes carry out experimental research from different aspects to find out a kind of high efficiency. Energy-saving, non-polluting industrial treatment method. On the basis of the original research in the key laboratory of Ministry of Education of Southwest University of Science and Technology, this paper makes a systematic study on the disassembly and crushing of WPCBs in the process of recycling. In this study, WPCBs disassembly device and coarse crusher were designed and manufactured independently. The first is to discuss the disassembly conditions of WPCBs, including the melting and condensing properties of solder, the effect of injection pressure on the vibration amplitude of WPCBs, and the influence of ventilation pressure and inlet air temperature on the internal temperature rise of the equipment. As well as the deficiency of the existing equipment and the discussion of the improvement method. Secondly, the coarse crushing of WPCBs substrates is discussed, including the analysis of crushing conditions of WPCBs substrates, the selection of tooth roller structure, the selection of crushing conditions and their influence on crushing efficiency. Through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental investigation, it was finally determined that the removal rate of slot, through hole component and large component disassembly rate had the greatest influence on the coarse crushing efficiency in the coarse crushing process. The disassembly rates of all three are all greater than 95%, and the experimental factors need to be improved and discussed in the follow-up research. It is determined that the priority choice of experimental factors is that the crushing efficiency of WPCBs substrates is more than 90% under the condition of differential crushing. The following research and structure improvement are discussed from the aspects of equipment operation stability and environmental protection. Through the exploration of the preprocessing stage in the process of resource utilization of WPCBs, the research foundation is established for its deep research on environmental protection, reliability, practicability and the feasibility of realizing industrial production.
【学位授予单位】：西南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：X705

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